EARLY CINEMA

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presents

Presentation

EARLY CINEMA

start

INDEX

what is?

10 short-films

glass studio

1st world war

where was born?

3 short film

The first pioneers

George Melies

melies film

cinematograph

the effect

Thanks

SECTION 01

birth of cinema

what is?

Cinema is a visual art form that comprehends other art form such as theater, painting, music, dance, illusion and first of all literature.

where cinema was born?

Was born in France during the Belle Époque, a period called so because a lot of inventions took place, for example the first car, plane , the discovery of the first vaccine and the discovery of electric current by Thomas Edison who invent the light bulb.

The first pioneers

Thomas Edison

David Wark Griffith

Auguste e Louis Lumière

Georges Méliès

The first pioneers of cinema was Thomas Edison end David W Griffith in the USA , the lumier brothers and George Méliès in France,

cinematograph

The birth of cinema is linked to the Lumiere brothers Because they invented a magical device a wooden box called cinematograph this machine was able to record,reproduce and screen motion pictures thanks to two lens.

10 short-films

The first cinema screening took place on 28 of december 1895 im a parisian cafe by the Lumiere brothers they screened 10 short-films

the 10 short-films are:

• The exit from the lumiere workshops
• The vaulting
• Goldfish fisching
• the arrival of the photographers at the Lyon congress
• The blacksmiths
• The sprinkler watered
• The child’s breakfast
• The jump to the blank

• The place des cordeliers in LyonThe
• The sea(swimming in the sea)

the average duration is 1 minute

from 43 to 60 seconds

They all talk about everyday life, but we will focus on some

The place des cordeliers in LyonThe

It shows a street in which various passers-by move, some even in the foreground, and carts and carriages pass by. The intent of the film was essentially to show a distant place to Parisian viewers.

The sea (swimming in the sea)

the film shows some guys repeatedly diving into the sea from a diving board.

Goldfish fisching

A little girl, supported by her father, leans on a transparent glass vase filled with water containing some goldfish and tries to grab some of them

These 10 short films cannot be cosidered real movies because they haven’t a real plot, a story-telling but they are only pictures in movement without a story

The first movie in cinema story was made by George Melies.

who was George Melies?

He was a member of the rich French middle-class because his family had a shoe factory. He moved to England for studing in London he was fascinated by illusionism and magic.after some years he was forced to come back to Paris for joint family business a real change in his life occurred when his father retired and he sold his family-business part to his brothers with the incomes, he bought the famous houdin theatre on 28 of December in 1895 George melies was spectator the first lumiere brothers screening and he sudderly wanted to buy their cinematographe but they refused the proposal so, he decided to move to London for buyng the animatographe by Robert Paul.George melies. George mealies transformed,reengeniered this machine and invented the first video-camera. He then died in poverty in a hospice.

Why is G. Meliès so relevant in Early Cinema History?

First of all because he realized the first sciencefiction movie how a trip to the moon and because he invented the first rudimental special effects

Some special effects are -Appearances and disappearances ⁃ Disolve ⁃ Step motion in photoGraPhy ⁃ dowble exposure.

For example a dissolve is a very slow transition, passage from a scene to another one.G. melies was not anly a director, a Producer, a screenwriter, a on editor, but Also an architecter. he in facts built the “Glass studio"

the effects

He accidentally discovered the trick of the replacement in 1896, used especialy in the cinema of the origins and before the advent of digital techniques, consists in the creation of a special effect thanks to the momentary interruption of the shooting, stopping the camera, modifying part of the subjects of the frame during the pause, and then resuming to turn. This creates a change in the frame capable of simulating apparitions, disappearances and transformations. It is considered the first special effect made for cinema, in addition to having also required for the first time the techniques of mechanical assembly and cutting for artistic effects.

He also invented a glass studio. He use the Glass for his studio because he wanted to take advantage from natural light durina filminas.And we have the opportunity to see his films in colour versions because sometimes he hand-painted each single frame of his movies

the outbreak of 1st World War

• his theatre was destroyed by bombs
• the glass studio war transformed into a Hospital be the military
• his movies were melted down for recovering silver and celluloide for making Heels for soldiers boots.

During the last year of lis live George Melies worked in a toy shop and died in abject poverty in a retirement house for film vetevans in 1932. In 1920 his Genius was recognized with " the lego of honor"

Whit the outbreak of 1st world war all people lost interest in going to the cinema and so George Melies company, the star compony, met bankrupt but the outbreak of the conflict was e res tragedy for him:

melies film

However, some films were saved, for example:

SWINDLING OF A LADY AT ROBERT-HOUDIN

THE JOURNEY THROUGH THE IMPOSSIBLE

The French director's second masterpiece after A Trip to the Moon. Some scientists travel to the sun on a train and then dive into the sea in a submarinethe duration is 24 minutes

Is set in the theater where Méliés performed illusion shows, this film shows a magic performed by Melies in which he makes a woman disappear. The duration is one minute

MELIES FILM

TRIP TO THE MOON

the target is the Moon, some astronomers are shot from a cannon so they can reach the moon but they end up in their eye. then they encounter a population that wants to imprison them. the duration is 14 minutes

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