Eng_CREMs_EGM

What Shapes Clinician Well-being in Primary Care? An Evidence and Gap Map of Clinician Experiences in Primary Care

Introduction

MAP

Research Team

Methods

Conclusion

NAM Framework

Results

Français

Why clinician well-being is important

Objective

Clinician experiences

Gap

NAM Framework

• Databases: MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid), and CINAHL (EBSCOhost)
• Date range: 2013–2023
• Inclusion criteria: Qualitative and mixed-method studies that reported clinician perspectives of their work experiences in primary care settings in Australia, Canada, Belgium, and France (Table of eligibility criteria)

• Screening: Two reviewers independently screened all records
• Coding: Experiences categorised by NAM factors and clinician type

• Output: Findings visualized by R and mapped in an interactive, open-access database using EPPI-Mapper

National Academy of Medicine (NAM) Framework

You can click on each group of factors to see a brief description. For further information, you can visit the NAM website.

Frequencies of reported experiences across NAM framework factors

Experiences across clinician types

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Frequencies of reported experiences across NAM framework factors, grouped by clinician type

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* FP: Family Physicians, GP: General Practitioners, NP: Nurse Practitioners

Trend of distribution of reported experiences across NAM framework domains over 10 years

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What this map shows

How to use this map

Conclusion

This evidence and gap map provides a comprehensive overview of how clinician experiences related to wellbeing are represented in the qualitative literature. The findings show that external factors were more frequently mentioned, offering insight that can inform system-level interventions. The mapped evidence offers a resource to guide future qualitative syntheses to inform research and policy that better support clinician wellbeing

Cite What Shapes Clinician Wellbeing in Primary Care? An Evidence and Gap Map of Clinician Experiences in Primary Care © 2025 by Dorsa Salimi, Paula L. Bush, Ashkan Baradaran, Anaïs Lacasse, Pascaline Kengne Talla, Thomas G. Poder, Maude Laberge, Sonia Lussier, Antoine Groulx, Patrick M. Archambault, Tracie A. Barnett

AcknowledgementsWe would like to thank Genevieve Gore for developing the search strategy, Ilhem C. Bousbiat, Bilé Yacouba Djedou, Sarah Gorguous, Caitlin Heiligmann, Jack Moncado, Raphaela Nikolopoulos, and André Nguyen for helping with article selection and coding, and Niloofar Nikgoftar for double checking the coding in EPPI-Reviewer

AuthorsDorsa Salimi¹, Paula L. Bush¹, Ashkan Baradaran¹, Anaïs Lacasse², Pascaline Kengne Talla³, Thomas G. Poder⁴, Maude Laberge⁴, Sonia Lussier⁵, Antoine Groulx7, Patrick M. Archambault7, Tracie A. Barnett¹Affiliations¹ Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada. 2. Département des sciences de la santé, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Rouyn-Noranda, QC, Canada. 3. Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada. 4. Department of Management, Evaluation and Health Policy, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada. 5. Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada. 6. Patient partner, Unité de soutien au système de santé apprenant Québec, Montréal, QC, Canada. 7. Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.

To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

The corresponding article has been submitted to a peer-reviewed journal and is currently available as a preprint. Salimi, D., Bush, P. L., Baradaran, A., Lacasse, A., Talla, P. K., Poder, T. G., Laberge, M., Lussier, S., Groulx, A., Archambault, P. M., & Barnett, T. A. (2025). What Contributes to Clinician Wellbeing? An Evidence and Gap Map of Clinician Experiences in Primary Care. In Review. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8380425/v1

Contact:paula.bush@mcgill.ca

Across clinician types, learning and practice environment and organisational factors dominate, with the former highest for family physicians, nurses, and pharmacists, and the latter for social workers and midwives. Healthcare responsibilities rank third, while socio-cultural factors, skills and abilities, and personal factors show moderate, variable representation. Rules and regulations are least represented.

This map includes 652 qualitative or mixed-methods studies published between 2013 and 2023. All included studies report self-reported experiences of clinicians (family physicians and generl practitioners, nurses and nurse practitioners, pharmacists, social workers, and midwives) working in primary care settings in Australia, Belgium, Canada, or France. For each included study, we coded each reported experience by NAM framework factors, Clinician type, Country of study, and year of publication. Studies were coded once for each unique clinician–factor pair.

How to use this map:Columns represent clinician types, and within each clinician type, the subcategories correspond to NAM framework domains. Rows represent the country in which each study was conducted, with subcategories showing provinces/territories for Canada and states/territories for Australia. Both columns and rows can be expanded or collapsed to show or hide subcategories. Users can filter the map by year of publication to explore temporal trends. The size of each bubble reflects the number of studies in that cell. By clicking on a bubble, users can view the studies within that segment, including their abstracts and bibliographic details. (Note: a single study may appear in multiple cells.)