Approaches to Psychology
Ranjana Ram
Created on February 5, 2024
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Approaches to Psychology
Ranjana Ram 4AClick on the "+" to Learn More
Behavioral Approach
Humanistic Approach
Biological Approach
Evolutionary Approach
Psychodynamic Approach
Cognitive Approach
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Sociocultural Approach
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Brain: CerebrumSchizophrenia: Excess of Dopamine = Changed BehaviorTreatment Options:
- Medications (ADHD Pills, Adderall, etc.)
- Hormones (Serotonin, Dopamine, etc.)
Things To Know
- It is believed that sometimes, people will perform actions without being aware of them.
- Father of Behaviorism: B.F. Skinner
Focus: Actions vs. Mental Process
Behavioral Approach Focus
Evolutionary Psychologists Belief:
- All Human Behaviors = Human Survival and Reproduction
- People "Strive to Survive" and will emit certain behaviors to do so
Things To Know
Ivan Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning: Without the food even being present, the dogs would salivate if they heard the bell.
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John Watson’s Little Albert Experiment: Scared of a white rat that he was very fond of by pairing the rat with a loud noise.
Law of Effect: Responses that produce a satisfying effect will likely be repeated
Operant Conditioning Chamber/ Skinner Box: Trained rats and other animals to complete a voluntary task; if the task was successful, then the animals were rewarded
Focus: Impact of people's culture, religion, ethnicity, gender, income level, and overall environment on the individuals they become.
- Lev Vygotsky
Sociocultural Focus
Focus: Best Version of Yourself
- Carl Rogers
- One of the Founders
- Abraham Maslow
- Hierarchy of Needs
Humanistic Approach Focus
Carl Rogers:
- Believed that environments may not always be ideal and can prevent one from reaching their full potential
- Stage 1: Physiological Needs
- Stage 2: Security
- Stage 3: Love & Belonging
- Stage 4: Esteem
- Stage 5: Self Actualization
- Stage 6 (in some cases): Self Transcendence
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Freud Psychoanalysis
- Free Association - “Talking Cure”
- Dream Analysis
- Manifest Content
- Latent Content
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Jean Piaget Cognitive Development:
- Stage 1: Sensorimotor Stage (birth - 2 yrs)
- Infants understand the world through movement and sensation
- Object Permanence
- Stage 2: Pre-Operational (2-7 Years Old)
- Uses words and pictures to represent ideas
- Egocentrism
- Stage 3: Concrete Operational Stage (7 - 11 years old)
- Logical thinking starts
- Parental Manipulation
- Stage 4: Formal Operation Stage (12 - 18 years old)
- Logical thinking expands
- Problem-solving skills develop
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Approaches To Psychology
The Approaches to Psychology were created in order to treat patients with mental disabilities in relation to their behavior. Psychologists came up with 7 Approaches:
- Behavioral
- Cognitive
- Humanistic
- Sociocultural
- Biological
- Evolutionary
- Psychodynamic
Focus: Behavior = Genetics, Nervous System, Brain, etc.Treatment Options:
- Maintaining Homeostasis
- Psychopharmacology
Biological Approach Focus
Focus: Charles Darwin's Evolutionary Theory; Survival of the Fittest
- Survival attracts certain behaviors
Evolutionary Focus
Focus: Unconscious thoughts, past actions, and memories affect our behaviorPsychoanalysis
- Free Association
- Dream Analysis
Psychodynamic Focus
Focus: Think + Perception = Behavior
- Memory, Problem-Solving, Decision-Making, and Perception
- Jean Piaget Cognitive Development
Cognitive Approach Focus
Think?
- What Social Groups Are You A Part Of?
- He felt that children were born with different beliefs and mindsets.
Things to Know