MODAL VERBS Bachillerato
Unit 4
INdEX
Golden Rules
Permission / request
Ability
Modal Perfects
Other Uses
Possibility
10
Games
Advice / opinion
Obligation
Offer
01
Golden rules
1. Golden Rules
Modal Verbs
1. Translation 2. Auxiliary Verbs 3. -S 4. To
Next
+ INFO
GOlden rules
Modal Verbs
Translation
-S 3rd person sing
To (infinitive)
Auxiliary verbs
Modal verbs in 3rd person singular don't require -s.
Modal verbs are followed by a verb in base form. Don't use "to".
They don't need auxiliary verbs as they can hold that function.
We don't translate modal verbs.
+ INFO
+ INFO
+ INFO
+ INFO
02
ABility
Can / be able to ( +, -, ?)
COULD / BE ABLE TO (PAST) Could expresses a general ability. Ex: I could swim when I was five. Be able to refers to a specific ability in the past (manage to). Ex: I couldn't speak French but I was able to communicate with your French friend. COULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE (PAST) Opportunity or ability to do something in the past, but actually did not. Ex: I could have helped you with your homework, but I went to the park. WILL BE ABLE TO (FUTURE) It expresses general ability. Ex: She will be able to speak Russian in four years.
General ability - PRESENT
Be able to is more formal. Ex: I can swim fast. Ex: They are able to drive.
+ INFO
03
possiBility
1. MUST expresses certainty in positive sentences (PRESENT) Ex: The lights are on, Paul must be at home. 2. MAY / MIGHT / COULD refer to present and future time in positive & negative sentences. Ex: I may start driving lessons next week. 3. CAN'T expresses impossibility or something hard to believe. It's always in negative sentences. Ex: He can't be Marcus, he is in Poland. 4. MUST + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE: certainty in the past. Ex: These pictures of Paris are great. Your trip must have been very nice. 5. MAY / MIGHT / COULD + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE: possibility in the past. To say that we are not sure what happened in the past. Ex: I can't find him at the arrivals area. He may/might/could have missed the plane. 6. CAN'T + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE: certainty that something didn't happen. Ex: You can't have failed the test, you studied really hard.
04
advice and opinion
ADVICE AND OPINION
Should, ought to, had better and must.
HAD BETTER: for affirmative and negative sentences. It is used for warning: there would be negative consequences if you don't follow the advice. Ex: I'd better finish the report before the boss comes. MUST: suggestions and recommendations. Only in possitive. Ex: You must try the new restaurant.
SHOULD is used in positive, negative and interrogative sentences. Ex: You should taste this hamburguer. OUGHT TO only in positive. Ex: You ought to wear warm clothes to go skiing.
+ INFO
05
obligation
obligation
MUST, HAVE TO, NEED TO, MUSTN'T, DON'T HAVE TO/ DON'T NEED TO/ NEEDN'T, NEEDN'T + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
MUST expresses opinion and it is the written forma for obligation. PRESENT Ex: You must be silent in a library.
MUSTN'T is a prohibition in present. Ex: You mustn't smoke inside or near the school. DON'T HAVE TO / DON'T NEED TO / NEEDN'T to talk about lack of obligation or lack of necessity. Ex: He doesn't have to do the laundry today. NEEDN'T + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE: lack of obligation but it is DONE. Ex: Thank you for coming! You needn't have bought me anything.
HAVE TO is a rule in any tense. Ex: We have to wake up at 6 in the morning. You have to buy a new washing machine. NEED TO is used when something is necessary to achieve a goal. Ex: You need to be at school by 9.
06
oFFER
POLITE OFFER REQUEST SUGGESTION (I / we)
OFFER
SHALL
WOULD is used for a polite request, offer. It is also the past form of Will. To make a statement less certain. Ex: Would you open this jar for me, please? He said I would be the 1st one togo in. I would say we should take the bus. WOULDN'T is a refusal and to express impossibility. Ex: She wouldn't stop making noise until I got mad.
Ex: Shall I pick you up at 10?
+ INFO
07
PERmission and request
MAy / could-WOULD-WILL / can
MAY (positive, negative and interrogative). Formal way with I or we. Ex: May we come in now, please? May I have some tea? COULD: polite request and permission. Ex: Could you be quiet, please? WOULD / WILL: polite request. Ex: Will you turn down the volume, please?
CAN: informal request (positive, negative and interrogative) Ex: Can I go to the toilet, please?
+ INFO
08
modal perfects
Modal Perfects
Should / ought to + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE Criticism and regret
WOULD + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE Willingness that you couldn't do.
Ex: I would have helped you with your homework but my parents didn't let me go.
Ex: You should have told him the truth before he left. I ought to have studied harder for the test.
09
other uses
Other uses
MAY Formal wishes and hopes.
SHOULDOUGHT TO Obligation and prediction
Ex: I really should call my dad. OBLIGATION We should arrive by five, there's no traffic. PREDICTION
Ex: May you have many happy years together.
10
Practice with games and exercises
GAMES
Ability, possibility and obligation
Exercises Modal Perfects
Modal verbs of ability
Exercises
Modal verbs
KAHOOT
Bamboozle
KAHOOT
DOUBTS?
THANK YOU VERY MUCH
LEARN A LOT
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Modal Verbs
MIRASUR INTERNATIO
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Transcript
MODAL VERBS Bachillerato
Unit 4
INdEX
Golden Rules
Permission / request
Ability
Modal Perfects
Other Uses
Possibility
10
Games
Advice / opinion
Obligation
Offer
01
Golden rules
1. Golden Rules
Modal Verbs
1. Translation 2. Auxiliary Verbs 3. -S 4. To
Next
+ INFO
GOlden rules
Modal Verbs
Translation
-S 3rd person sing
To (infinitive)
Auxiliary verbs
Modal verbs in 3rd person singular don't require -s.
Modal verbs are followed by a verb in base form. Don't use "to".
They don't need auxiliary verbs as they can hold that function.
We don't translate modal verbs.
+ INFO
+ INFO
+ INFO
+ INFO
02
ABility
Can / be able to ( +, -, ?)
COULD / BE ABLE TO (PAST) Could expresses a general ability. Ex: I could swim when I was five. Be able to refers to a specific ability in the past (manage to). Ex: I couldn't speak French but I was able to communicate with your French friend. COULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE (PAST) Opportunity or ability to do something in the past, but actually did not. Ex: I could have helped you with your homework, but I went to the park. WILL BE ABLE TO (FUTURE) It expresses general ability. Ex: She will be able to speak Russian in four years.
General ability - PRESENT
Be able to is more formal. Ex: I can swim fast. Ex: They are able to drive.
+ INFO
03
possiBility
1. MUST expresses certainty in positive sentences (PRESENT) Ex: The lights are on, Paul must be at home. 2. MAY / MIGHT / COULD refer to present and future time in positive & negative sentences. Ex: I may start driving lessons next week. 3. CAN'T expresses impossibility or something hard to believe. It's always in negative sentences. Ex: He can't be Marcus, he is in Poland. 4. MUST + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE: certainty in the past. Ex: These pictures of Paris are great. Your trip must have been very nice. 5. MAY / MIGHT / COULD + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE: possibility in the past. To say that we are not sure what happened in the past. Ex: I can't find him at the arrivals area. He may/might/could have missed the plane. 6. CAN'T + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE: certainty that something didn't happen. Ex: You can't have failed the test, you studied really hard.
04
advice and opinion
ADVICE AND OPINION
Should, ought to, had better and must.
HAD BETTER: for affirmative and negative sentences. It is used for warning: there would be negative consequences if you don't follow the advice. Ex: I'd better finish the report before the boss comes. MUST: suggestions and recommendations. Only in possitive. Ex: You must try the new restaurant.
SHOULD is used in positive, negative and interrogative sentences. Ex: You should taste this hamburguer. OUGHT TO only in positive. Ex: You ought to wear warm clothes to go skiing.
+ INFO
05
obligation
obligation
MUST, HAVE TO, NEED TO, MUSTN'T, DON'T HAVE TO/ DON'T NEED TO/ NEEDN'T, NEEDN'T + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
MUST expresses opinion and it is the written forma for obligation. PRESENT Ex: You must be silent in a library.
MUSTN'T is a prohibition in present. Ex: You mustn't smoke inside or near the school. DON'T HAVE TO / DON'T NEED TO / NEEDN'T to talk about lack of obligation or lack of necessity. Ex: He doesn't have to do the laundry today. NEEDN'T + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE: lack of obligation but it is DONE. Ex: Thank you for coming! You needn't have bought me anything.
HAVE TO is a rule in any tense. Ex: We have to wake up at 6 in the morning. You have to buy a new washing machine. NEED TO is used when something is necessary to achieve a goal. Ex: You need to be at school by 9.
06
oFFER
POLITE OFFER REQUEST SUGGESTION (I / we)
OFFER
SHALL
WOULD is used for a polite request, offer. It is also the past form of Will. To make a statement less certain. Ex: Would you open this jar for me, please? He said I would be the 1st one togo in. I would say we should take the bus. WOULDN'T is a refusal and to express impossibility. Ex: She wouldn't stop making noise until I got mad.
Ex: Shall I pick you up at 10?
+ INFO
07
PERmission and request
MAy / could-WOULD-WILL / can
MAY (positive, negative and interrogative). Formal way with I or we. Ex: May we come in now, please? May I have some tea? COULD: polite request and permission. Ex: Could you be quiet, please? WOULD / WILL: polite request. Ex: Will you turn down the volume, please?
CAN: informal request (positive, negative and interrogative) Ex: Can I go to the toilet, please?
+ INFO
08
modal perfects
Modal Perfects
Should / ought to + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE Criticism and regret
WOULD + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE Willingness that you couldn't do.
Ex: I would have helped you with your homework but my parents didn't let me go.
Ex: You should have told him the truth before he left. I ought to have studied harder for the test.
09
other uses
Other uses
MAY Formal wishes and hopes.
SHOULDOUGHT TO Obligation and prediction
Ex: I really should call my dad. OBLIGATION We should arrive by five, there's no traffic. PREDICTION
Ex: May you have many happy years together.
10
Practice with games and exercises
GAMES
Ability, possibility and obligation
Exercises Modal Perfects
Modal verbs of ability
Exercises
Modal verbs
KAHOOT
Bamboozle
KAHOOT
DOUBTS?
THANK YOU VERY MUCH
LEARN A LOT
¿Tienes una idea?
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