Conditionals

Conditionals

Zero

Second

First

Conjunctions

Third

Zero Conditional

We use the zero conditional to talk about permanent truths, such as scientific facts, and general habits. Structure: When / If + present simple, present simple

• If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils.
• If it doesn't rain, the earth gets dry.
• If I'm tired, I usually go to bed early.

First Conditional

We use the first conditionals to talk about real or possible situations in the present or future. Structure: If + present simple, future simple If + present simple, modal verb + infinitive

• If you study hard, you will pass the exam
• If we arrive on time, we can watch a movie
• If I finish work early, I will go swimming

Second Conditional

We use the second conditional to talk about unreal or impossible situations in the present or future. Structure: If + past simple, would/could + infinitive

• If I had more time, I would learn a new language.
• If I didn't have to study, I could go out with friends.
• If I won the lottery, I would buy a house.

Conjunctions

When: to talk about things that happen at a particular time in the future. If: for things that may or may not happen, or to say what happens if something else happens. Unless: means the same as 'if not'

• When I get home this evening, I'll have a shower.
• If we go by bus, we will get there on time.
• Unless the weather is good, I will not play tennis.

Third

We use the third conditional to talk about impossible situations in the past. The third conditional is often used to express regrets. Structure: If + past perfect, would/could have + past participle

• If we had studied more, we would have passed the exam.
• If I hadn't left on time, I wouldn't have caught the train.
• If you had invited me to the party, I would have come.