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BARRIERS AND IMMUNE SYSTEM
Yessika Andrea Orea Yañez
Created on January 30, 2024
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Transcript
BODY DEFENSES AGAINS INFECTIONS
IMMUNE SYSTEM
With pathogens all around us, it might seem amazing that most of us aren’t sick most of the time…….!
DESTROY
CONTAIN
DETECT
Coughing sneezing, and physical contact. Many bacteria and viruses that infect the throat, nose, or respiratory tract are spread by indirect contact. Exchange body fluids. Some pathogens require specific kinds of direct contact to be transferred host by host. Contaminated water or food. Many pathogens that infect the digestive tract are spread through water contaminated with feces from infected people or animals.
innate immune system adaptative immune system
Defense lines
FIRST LINE: Act against a wide range of biological agents. First defense reaction Barriers to entry.
Defense lines
SECOND LINE: Inflammatory Reaction Protective Proteins Innate immune cells
Defense lines
THIRD LINE: Adaptative immunity Effective against a particular infectious agents
innate immune system
Barriers (physical, chemical, microbiological), cells, complement system
We are born with it Non-specific responses All cells except lymphocytes
FIRST DEFENSE LINE
Barriers to entry
PHYSICAL BARRIERS
Epithelial tissue
- Skin and hair
- Mucosas
Hair and skin can stop microbes
Cilia can trap microbes
CHEMICAL BARRIERS
TearsSweat Sebum Saliva Mucus Urine
Acids Urine Ear wax
enzimes to attack microbes
MICROBIOLOGICAL BARRIERS
Microbiome
friendly microbes
Tears wash away irritating substances and microbes. Mucus traps organisms. Saliva, tears, and mucus contain Lysozyme: an enzyme that kills microbes In the stomach gastric acids kill organisms Vaginal acid pH can kill microbes
second DEFENSE LINE
Inflammation, innate immune system
THE MICROBE
scapes your first line
If the pathogens make it into the body, let's say through a cut in the skin, the second line of defense swings into action.
OUR SOLDIERS
phagocytosiskilling sick cells
Phagocitosis
eating the microbe: macrophages
Killing
killing sick cells by cell suicide: natural killers
adaptative immune system
Lymphocytes T and B, antibodies
We acquire it Highly specific Diverse Stimulated by vaccines
T CELLS
B CELLS
B Lymphocytes Bone Marrow Produce antibodies
T LymphocytesThymus Gland Directly attack cells