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Atomic mind map
MS: Middle School
Created on January 26, 2024
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Transcript
Edio:
Chapter 7
Neutrons
Reading an Elemental Square
The periodic table has changed since it was discovered!
Protons
Electrons
02
Atoms
Periodic table
Atoms are different
Remember
Groups- Tell the number of valence electrons.
Building atoms
Periods- Tell the number of energy levels
Elements with 7 valence electrons want to GAIN an electron. 8 valence electrons make them happy!
Organized by increasing atomic mass
Neils Bohr
J.J. Thompson
Ernest Rutherford
J.J. Thompson's model
Protons and Electrons are mixed in together. Proved incorrect by Ernest Rutherford
Electrons
Negative charge (-) Live in the electron cloud. Have energy levels where they move around with specific amounts that fill each level. Valence electrons- the electrons in the outer most energy level in the atom.
- = 2 electrons before it is full
- = 8 electrons before full
- = 18 electrons before it is full
Neils Bohr
Atomic models and electron clouds
Neils Bohr expanded on Rutherford's atom by explaining electrons circle the atom in energy levels.
- 2 max electrons in the innermost energy level
- 8 max electrons in the second energy level
- Think about the models we have drawn in class or that you have seen in the recordings.
Protons
Red particles inside the nucleus (center) Positive particles (+)
Elements
Every element has a different atomic number
Atomic numbers are the number of Protons in an element. These are the same as the number of electrons. The elemental symbol is the 1-2 letters. This is an easier way to write the atom's name.
- Atomic number= Circled in Red
- Atomic mass = Weight of the nucleus (Protons + neutrons)
- To find the number of neutrons
- Atomic mass- atomic number
Ernest Rutherford
Gold Foil experiment
Ernest Rutherford disproved J.J. Thompson's model because he proved the atom was made of mostly empty space. Rutherford was eventually disproved by Neils Bohr.
- Particles were shot at a piece of gold foil
- Most of the particles went right through
- Conclusion: The atom was mostly empty space. Also there was a nucleus!
Neutrons
The blue particle in the nucleus- the center of the atom. No charge (0)
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