Arizona State History - 1500s-1600s

Arizona State History

Early Arizona History 1500s - 1600s

1539

1692

1150

Marcos de Niza's expedition to Arizona

First of many Spanish Missions are established in Arizona.

Hopi tribe establishes Oraibi pueblo.

1540

1528

Francisco Vasquez de Coronado explores Arizona

Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca wanders around southwest region.

Arizona State History

Arizona History 1700s - 1800s

1848

1862

1752-1775

1883

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Civil War - Battle of Picacho Pass

Permanent Spanish settlements are established

Two Railroads through Arizona are completed

1853

1863

1846-1848

Gadsden Purchase

Arizona becomes a separate Territory

Mexican American War

Arizona State History

Arizona History 1800s-1900s

1912

1936

Arizona becomes the 48th state

Hoover Dam is completed

1919

1889

Grand Canyon National Park is established

Phoenix becomes the Capital

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1848

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

The peace treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the Mexican-American War and confirmed the border between Texas and Mexico at the Rio Grande River. Mexico also sold a large area of land to the United States for $15 million. This land included what is now California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico and more.

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1528

Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca

After a shipwreck in the Gulf of Mexico, Cabeza de Vaca wanders through Mexico into the southwest region of what is now the United States.

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1539

Marcos de Niza

Marcos de Niza was a friar who led the first Spanish expedition north from mexico, to explore the southwest of what is now the United States. He had heard of the legendary Seven Cities of Cibola. (Seven Golden Cities), and wanted to find them. He also wanted o convert Native Americans to Christianity. When his guide was murdered by Native Americans, Niza was afraid and simply claimed the land for Spain and then returned to Mexico, and falsely reported that he had come within sight of a large town with many riches.

1912

Arizona Statehood

On February 14, 1912, Arizona became the 48th state of the union, a little over a month after New Mexico became the 47th state. Arizona was the last of the contiguous states to gain statehood.

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1883

Railroads

The Atchison, Topeka, Santa Fe Railroad was completed through Northern Arizona, connecting St. Louis, Missouri with California. The same year, the Southern Pacific Railroad was completed through Southern Arizona, connecting New Orleans, LA and Los Angeles, CA, through Tucson and Yuma.

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1862

Battle at Picacho Peak

The westernmost battle of the Civil War was fought in Arizona at Picacho Peak. A small group of Confederate Rangers from Tucson met up with a Union squad on an overland stagecoach route. The Confederate Rangers were able to prevent a surprise attack on Tucson. This was one of the smallest battles of the Civil War in terms of number of soldiers engaged.

1863

Arizona Territory

The United States recognized Arizona as a territory on February 24, 1863. At the time, the southern portion of Arizona had joined the Confederacy, but the northern portion of the territory was now recognized as separate from New Mexico.

1853

Gadsden Purchase

Additional land of Arizona, south of the Gila River, was purchased from Mexico and added to the United States

1889

Phoenix becomes Capital

The territorial capital of Arizona was moved to Phoenix, where it remains today. Previously, the capital had been in Prescott, then Tucson, then back to Prescott.

1540

Francisco Vasquez de Coronado

Coronado was serving as governor in New Spain (Mexico) when he heard about the legendary Seven Cities of Gold. Marcos Niza acted as a guide for Coronado's expedition up the west coast of Mexico and into the southwest region of what is now the United States in order to search for gold and riches. During this expedition, a scouting party led by Garcia Lopez Cardenas became the first Europeans to view the Grand Canyon. No gold was found. The expedition was labeled a failure and Coronado returned to Mexico.

1692

First Spanish Mission

In the years following the first expeditions to the southwest, the Spanish continued to explore and try to colonize the area. they brought cattle, horses, sheep adn new farming methods to the Indians. In 1692, the first of many Spanish missions was established in what is now Arizona.

1846-1848

Mexican-American War

The war between the United States and Mexico was primarily fought over the territory of Texas. Texas had been part of Mexico, then declared independence in 1836, and finally joined the United States in 1845. Mexico and the United States disagreed over the border of Texas. The United States declared war on Mexico in 1846.

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1752-1775

Permanent Spanish Settlements

The Spanish began establishing more permanent settlements. These included Tupac in 1752 and Tucson in 1775. Tucson started out as a fort with soldiers, called a "presidio"

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1150

Hopi Village, Oraibi, established

The Hopi tribe established the village of Oraibi. It has become known as the longest continuously inhabited settlement in the United States.

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