Modal verbs

modal verbs

INDEX

6- VIDEO

1- CHARACTERISTICS

7- PARTICIPANTS

2- ABILITY

8- BIBLIOGRAPHY

3- CERTAINLY AND UNCERTAINLY

9- GAME

4- PERMISSION

5- OBLIGATION

CHARACTERISTICS

accompany the main verb

Modify other verbs

are used in infinitive

They don't conjugate

Modal verbs express:

• Ability
• Certainly and Uncertainly
• Permission
• obligation

does no exist

They don't have a gerund

past participle main verb

They don't have a participle

they are the assistants

No auxiliary verb needed

Structure

ability

Its main uses are to refer to physical or mental abilities that someone possesses.

Can is used for actions that occur in the present or in the future.

Could is used for actions that occur in the pasat.

Can

Could

I can swing. I can´t swing.

I could swim when I was 5.

EXAMPLE

EXAMPLE

ability

Be able to expresses ability just like can and could. While can and could invariable , be able to can be conjugated in any tense. Al three mean the same.

EXAMPLE

Be able to

My sister is able to speak English. You aren´t able to fly.

CERTAINLY AND UNCERTAINLY

We use the modals of certainly to make deductions or assumpitons depending on the degree of certainly we have about what we are saying

CERTAINLY AND UNCERTAINLY

• Can't: When we think that something is impossible and for negative logical deduction

• May/ Might/ Could: Situation in which we are not sue what we are talking about

As well, It's used when the speaker isn't sure of an assumption he makes about the future

• Must: It's when we have reasons to be sure of something

CERTAINLY AND UNCERTAINLY

EXAMPLES CAN'T

- She can't be smoking, she gave it up.

- Paula is smoking.

CERTAINLY AND UNCERTAINLY

EXAMPLES MAY/MIGHT/COULD

- What language are they speaking?

- I don't know. It might/may /could be Swedish.

CERTAINLY AND UNCERTAINLY

EXAMPLES MAY/MIGHT/COULD

- I may tell you the secret.

- It might not be sunny tomorrow.

CERTAINLY AND UNCERTAINLY

EXAMPLES MUST

- They are very famous swimmers

-They must train lots of hours every day

permission: ask for permission

CANWe use can to ask for permission to do something.(politely) Can I go to the toilet?

COULDIs more formal and polite. Could I get up to the table?

MAY Is another more formal and polite way of asking for permission. May I talk to you, please?

MIGHTIs more formal, more indirect than may and is almost not used. Might You go to the market for tomatoes?

CAN'TIt is used when you know that the answer is going to be yes. Can't You walk faster?

permission: giving permission

COULDIs used in report speech. Yes, You could get up to the table. No, You couldn't get up to the table.

CANWe use can to give permission. Yes, You can go to the toilet. No, You can't go to the toilet.

MAYIs more formal and polite way of giving permission. Yes, You may talk to me. No, You may not talk to me.

MIGHTIs used in report speech. Yes, I might go to the market for tomatoes. No, I might not go to the market for tomatoes.

permission: refusing permission

CAN'TWe use can to refuse permission or say that someone does not have permission. You can't go home yet.

obligation

Strong obligation: -Have to: strong obligation (possibly from outside). -Had to: it refers to obligation in the past. -Must: strong obligation (possibly based on the speaker's opinion).

EXAMPLES:

• Children have to go to school.

• I had to wear a school uniform when I was a child.

• I must study today.

• You mustn't smoke here.

Prohibition: -Mustn´t: it means a negative obligation.

obligation

Absence of obligation: -Don´t have to: means you don't need to do something, but it's fine if you want to do it. -Didn't have to: it means "no obligation in the past" -Needn´t: it means you don´t need, similar to "you don´t have"

EXAMPLES:

• You don't have to eat anything you don't like.

• We didn't have to go to school on Saturdays.

• You should/ought to save some money.

• You shouldn´t eat many chocolate.

Mild obligation: -Ought to: it refers to advice or a mild obligation. -Should: the same as ought to. -Shouldn´t: it refers to criticism directed at you.

video

https://view.genial.ly/65bbda45f092d60015f023cf/video-presentation-video-esencial

Participants

Laura Carrasco García

María Vicente Sánchez

Mónica Domene Sánchez

Aitana Iniesta Almendros

bibliography

• https://englishlive.ef.com/es-mx/blog/laboratorio-de-gramatica/modal-verbs/
• https://www.abaenglish.com/es/verbos-modales-ingles/
• https://www.abaenglish.com/es/verbos-modales-ingles/
• https://linguapress.com/grammar/modal-obligation.htm

THANKS!!!

game

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