Garcia's Timeline of Art Education

Aubrey Garcia'a

Timeline of Art Education

1782

1808-1889

1900

1648

Frederich Froebel

John Gadsby Chapman

John Dewey introduces whole child learning

Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture was founded

1806

1882-1952

1904-1987

1746-1827

Mary Ann Dwight

Florence Cane

Victor D'Amico

Johann Pestalozzi

Aubrey Garcia's

Timeline of Art Education

1917

1907

1934

1903-1960

President Roosevelt calls for English only schools

William Wirt'sGary Plan

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

Viktor Lowenfeld

1916

1920

1944

1904

Lewis Terman introduces IQ Testing

Bauhaus Art School

Lowenfeld publishesCreative and Mental Growth

The Principles of Art Education by Hugo Munsterberg

Aubrey Garcia's

Timeline of Art Education

1956

1970

1982

1947

Bloom's Taxonomy

Teaching for Artistic Behavior

Elliot EIsner writesCognition and Curriculum

NAEA is founded

1964

1982

1983

1954

Civil RIghts Act of 1964

Getty Center for the Arts introduces DBAE

Howard Gardner'sTheory of Multiple Intellegences

Brown v. Board of Education

Aubrey Garcia's

Timeline of Art Education

2019

1994

STEM becomes STEAM

National Visual Arts Standards introduced

2004

2020

Project Zero introduces The Artful Thinking Approach

Corona Virus / COVID 19

References

About Us • National Art Education Association. (n.d.). National Art Education Association. Retrieved February 23, 2024, from https://www.arteducators.org/about About Victor D'Amico - The D'Amico Institute of Art. (n.d.). The Art Barge. Retrieved February 24, 2024, from https://damico-art.org/victor-damico/ Appel, K. (2005). he Division of the W The Division of the Works Pr orks Progression Administr ession Administration ( ation (WPA) and their Various Influence on Various Art Forms. Journal of Undergraduate Research at Minnesota State University, Mankato, 5(1), 1-8. https://cornerstone.lib.mnsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1130&context=jur Armstrong, P. (n.d.). Bloom's Taxonomy | Center for Teaching | Vanderbilt University. Vanderbilt Center for Teaching. Retrieved February 24, 2024, from https://cft.vanderbilt.edu/guides-sub-pages/blooms-taxonomy/ Artful Thinking | Project Zero. (n.d.). Project Zero. Retrieved February 24, 2024, from https://pz.harvard.edu/projects/artful-thinking Bauhaus and its Sites in Weimar, Dessau and Bernau. (n.d.). UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved February 22, 2024, from https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/729/ Bloom, B. S. (1956). Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, Handbook I. The Cognitive Domain. David McKay Co Inc. https://www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?referenceid=1738768 Bloom's Taxonomy. (n.d.). Center for Instructional Technology and Training. Retrieved February 24, 2024, from https://citt.ufl.edu/resources/the-learning-process/designing-the-learning-experience/blooms-taxonomy/ Bowers, F. B., & Gehring, T. (2004, December). Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi: 18th Century Swiss Educator and Correctional Reformer. Journal of Correctional Education, 55(4), 306-319. JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23292096 Brown v. Board of Education (1954) | National Archives. (2021, November 22). National Archives |. Retrieved February 24, 2024, from https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/brown-v-board-of-education Cohen, R. D., & Mohl, R. A. (1980, June). The Paradox of Progressive Education: The Gary Plan and Urban Schooling. The American Historical Review, 85(3), 725-726. Oxford Academic. https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/85.3.725-a Delacruz, E. M., & Dunn, P. C. (1996, Autumn). The Evolution of Discipline-Based Art Education. The Journal of Aesthetic Education, 30(3), 67-82. https://doi.org/10.2307/3333322 Dewey, J. (1900). The School and Society. The University of Chicago Press. https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/53910/pg53910-images.html Douglas, K. M., & Jaquith, D. B. (2009). Engaging Learners Through Artmaking: Choice-based Art Education in the Classroom. Teachers College Press. Dwight, M. A. (1857, June). XIV. Art-Its Importance as a Branch of Education. The American Journal of Education, 3(9), 467-476. Gardner, H. (1983). Artistic Intellegences. Art Education, 36(2), 47-49. Glatthorn, A. A. (1984, Spring). Review: Cognition and the Curriculum: What Instead of When. Curriculum Inquiry, 14(1), 113-116. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4618059 Gropius, W. (2019). History of the Bauhaus | Bauhaus. Getty. Retrieved February 22, 2024, from https://www.getty.edu/research/exhibitions_events/exhibitions/bauhaus/new_artist/history/ The History and Importance of STEAM Education — STE(A)M Truck. (2020, August 3). STEAM Truck. Retrieved February 24, 2024, from https://www.steamtruck.org/blog/steam-education-history-importance Legal Highlight: The Civil Rights Act of 1964. (n.d.). U.S. Department of Labor. Retrieved February 24, 2024, from https://www.dol.gov/agencies/oasam/civil-rights-center/statutes/civil-rights-act-of-1964 Leslie, M. (2000, July). The Vexing Legacy of Lewis Terman. Stanford Magazine. https://stanfordmag.org/contents/the-vexing-legacy-of-lewis-terman Mahlmann, J. J. (1994). National Standards for Arts Education: What Every Young American Should Know and Be Able To Do in the Arts. Music Educators National Conference Publications Sales. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED365622 Mondale, S. (Director). (2001). School: The Story of American Education (Episode 2: As American as Public School (1900-1950)) [TV series episode]. In S. B. Patton & S. Mondale (Executive Producers), [Motion Picture]. Stone Lantern FIlms. Munsterberg, H. (1904). The Principles of Art Education. The Prang Educational Company. https://www.cogpsych.uni-konstanz.de/research/aesthetics/Muensterberg/book/Muensterberg%20(1904).%20Principles%20of%20Art%20Education.pdf Saunders, R. J. (1961, Spring). The Contributions of Viktor Lowenfeld to Art Education Part II: Creative and Mental Growth. Studies in Art Education, 2(2), 7-13. https://doi.org/10.2307/1319643 Sobel, F. R. (2022). Art education during the COVID-19 pandemic: the journey across a changing landscape. Arts Education Policy Review, 123(3), 127-134. https://doi.org/10.1080/10632913.2021.1931599 Stankiewicz, M. A. (2001). Roots of Art Education Practice. Davis Publications. Testelin, H. (1853). Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire de l'Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture, depuis 1648 jusqu'en 1664 [Memories to serve in the history of the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture from 1648 until 1664] (in French) (Vol. 1). ANATOLE DE MONTAIGLON. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6484881t/f9.image.image Thiede, R. H. (2013, December). Gary Plan | Education Reform, School Desegregation & Equity. Britannica. Retrieved February 22, 2024, from https://www.britannica.com/topic/Gary-Plan

Photo References

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_royale_de_peinture_et_de_sculpture#/media/File:Martin,_Jean-Baptiste_%E2%80%93_Une_assembl%C3%A9e_ordinaire_de_l'Acad%C3%A9mie_royale_de_Peinture_et_de_Sculpture_au_Louvre_%E2%80%93_RMN_16-532017.jpg Pestalozzi, Johann Heinrich, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (Digital File Number: cph 3a13301) https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Frederick-Froebel-Bardeen.jpeg https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/41s0VoOzDKL.jpg https://ids.si.edu/ids/deliveryService?id=NPG-NY050177 https://media.nga.gov/iiif/6f8602b9-2d1b-4a2f-a9a8-c486e174c09f/full/!588,600/0/default.jpg https://iep.utm.edu/wp-content/media/dewey.jpg https://artistshomes.org/site/victor-damico-institute-art https://contemplativechris.wordpress.com/2015/03/02/viktor-lowenfeld-visual-perception-and-haptic-perception/ https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/81gb9T6crhL._AC_UF1000,1000_QL80_.jpg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Wirt_%28educator%29#/media/File:William_Albert_Wirt_(1874-1938)_in_1917_(cropped).jpg https://project-orion-production.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/content/11106/Terman-opener.jpg https://www.nps.gov/common/uploads/people/nri/20170213/people/3FF551DC-1DD8-B71B-0B7DF2CC845614F8/3FF551DC-1DD8-B71B-0B7DF2CC845614F8.jpg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauhaus#/media/File:6265_Dessau.JPG https://www.wvencyclopedia.org/assets/0002/9039/WPA_Main_Image_medium.jpg?1399559472 https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/71HceQEA16L._AC_UF1000,1000_QL80_.jpg https://www.arteducators.org/ https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2009/10/brown-v-board-of-education-gettyimages-517350944.jpg?width=1920&height=960&crop=1920%3A960%2Csmart&quality=75&auto=webp https://www.ncpedia.org/sites/default/files//styles/anchor_images/public/blooms_taxonomy.png?itok=2jh_F6VH https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/civil-rights-act https://teachingforartisticbehavior.org/ https://www.getty.edu/publications/virtuallibrary/0892361719.html https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-06-3iLvMpjc/XnLpfeNc_DI/AAAAAAAAGmY/uOdeWFwvVkcRNEdao5uhUpwRhMhDImWTACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Prof-Eliot-Eisner-Jose-Vasconcelos-World-Award-of-Education-1992-1.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Multiple-intelligence.jpg/330px-Multiple-intelligence.jpg https://rowman.com/L/15/654/9781565450363.jpg https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/proxy/OYwpYJYmwuLNEhse458pRCf4xBnBh_vTT6Z2PshcX6ChcvSifzbd2vIVWD6CsTfg18o7xVZN7VMlWBHVrzshRWbkyjzluZDpOqQqqoDkzx7kgLcxn5xcRP4H4SC-Xb2fnKzoQwwHJ98 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/56d08eaa9f7266bfd0f4f8ee/5ef60eb11fb90d4a90fbb25a/5f28169a3c4a28009712ff09/1596464426306/AdobeStock_205599726.jpeg?format=1500w https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/field/image/1583952355.1997.jpg

Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture

During the 17th century, art education began to take shape as academies and schools of art were established in various European cities. In 1648, the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture was founded, marking a significant milestone in formal art education. (Testelin, 1853, p.ij)

Johann Pestalozzi

A Swiss pedagogue and educational reformer, Pestalozzi advocated for a holistic approach to education, emphasizing hands-on learning, and the development of students' creativity and critical thinking skills. His ideas influenced art education by promoting experiential learning and the integration of arts into the curriculum. “Pestalozzi's work in education has been summarized as an emphasis on the point of view of the developing mind of the child. He believed that man's improvement must come from two sources: education to strengthen man's powers and legislation to improve conditions.” (Bowers & Gehring, 2004, p.309)

Mary Ann Dwight

Mary Ann Dwight was born. Dwight went on to write many books on art and articles in the American Journal of Education which argued the importance of art education. She later established a school in Hartford Connecticut for art teachers. (Stankiewicz, 2001, p.5) (Dwight, 1857, p.467-476)

John Gadsby Chapman

Artist who studied in Rome and Florence and brought his skills back to the US to teach wood engraving, drawing, and portrait painting while creating his book American Drawing-Book which also encouraged females to educate children in drawing. (Stankiewicz, 2001, p.3)

Victor D'Amico

Victor D’Amico - was a pioneer of progressive modern art education and the founding director of Education at the Museum of Modern Art, New York. (Stankiewicz, 2001, p.37) (About Victor D'Amico - The D'Amico Institute of Art, n.d.)

Viktor Lowenfeld

Viktor Lowenfeld - studied at the Academy of Fine Arts, the School of Fine Arts, and the University of Vienna prior to emigrating to the US where he wrote Creative and Mental Growth and later developed on of the first American doctoral programs in art education. (Stankiewicz, 2001, (Stankiewicz, 2001, p.38)

The Princples of Art Education

by Hugo Munsterberg

The publication of "The Principles of Art Education" by Hugo Munsterberg raises awareness of the importance of art education in formal schooling. (Munsterberg, 1904, pp.1-107)

President Roosevelt

Calls for English-only schools

“But by 1917, America was at war. Former president Theodore Roosevelt was among those leading the call for an English only curriculum.” “We have room for but one language here and that is the English language. For we intend to see that the crucible turns our people out as Americans, of American nationality, and not as dwellers of a polyglot boarding house.” (Patton, 2001, 19:52)

Bauhaus Art School

Consectetur adipiscing elit

The Bauhaus art school is founded in Germany, combining fine arts, crafts, and design into a single class, which influences modern art education for decades to come. (Bauhaus and Its Sites in Weimar, Dessau and Bernau, n.d.) (Gropius, 2019)

Works Progress Administration

The Works Progress Administration (WPA) is established in the United States, leading to the introduction of art projects in schools and the integration of art into the curriculum. (Appel, 2005, p.2)

Brown v. Board of Education

Supreme Court Ruling

Brown v Board of Education - landmark decision by the U.S. Supreme Court which ruled that U.S. state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are otherwise equal in quality.(Brown V. Board of Education (1954) National Archives, 2021)

Bloom's Taxonomy

"The original Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, commonly referred to as Bloom's Taxonomy, was created by Benjamin Bloom in 1956, and later revised in 2001. Bloom categorized and classified the cognitive domain of learning into varying levels according to complexity and richness". (Bloom's Taxonomy, n.d.) (Bloom, 1956) (Armstrong, n.d.)

Teaching for Artistic Behavior

A new pedagogy is formed

Katherine Douglas and John Crowe create a pedagogy of Teaching for Artistic Behavior (TAB) which empowers students to make choices in their art making, promoting individualized, student-driven art experiences as educators begin to give students more control over decisions and educators can focus on encouraging the process over the product. (Douglas & Jaquith, 2009, p.1-5)

Discipline Based Arts Education (DBAE)

The development of the Discipline-Based Art Education (DBAE) approach by the Getty Center for Education in the Arts pushes art education towards a focus on art production as well as art history, art criticism, and aesthetics. (Delacruz & Dunn, 1996, p.70)

STEM becomes STEAM

The STEAM movement gains momentum, advocating for the integration of arts (A) into the traditional STEM subjects (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics), leading to new interdisciplinary approaches in art education. (The History and Importance of STEAM Education — STE(A)M Truck, 2020)

John Gadsby Chapman

Artist who studied in Rome and Florence and brought his skills back to the US to teach wood engraving, drawing, and portrait painting while creating his book American Drawing-Book which also encouraged females to educate children in drawing. (Stankiewicz, 2001, p.3)

Florence Cane

Florence Cane, along with her sister Margaret Naumberg founded the Walden School in 1915 and developed a program of art that focused on children’s emotions, imaginations and needs, influenced by Jung and Hinkle. (Stankiewicz, 2001, p.36)