PRESENT PERFECT

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

FORMS

How do you use it?

PRESENT PERFECT

Positive

Negative

HAVE or HAS + -ED for regular verbs + [Third column] for irregular verbs I have worked You have worked He / She / It has worked We have worked You have worked They have worked

HAVEN'T or HASN'T + participle (reg. or irr.) I haven't worked You haven't worked He / She / It hasn't worked We haven't worked You haven't worked They haven't worked

PRESENT PERFECT

Questions

Short answers

Con HAVE or HAS antes del sujeto + participle Have I worked? Have you worked? Has he / she / it worked? Have we worked? Have you worked? Have they worked?

Yes, I / you / we / they have.He / she / it has. No, I / you / we / they haven't. He / she / it hasn't.

auxiliaries PRESENT PERFECT:HAVE / HAS

PRESENT PERFECT

Adding -ed

CONSONANT + Y : study > studiedENDING V + C WITH STRESS IN THE LAST SYLLABLE: drop > dropped VOWEL + L : travel > travelled

USES

When do you use it?

• STARTED IN THE PAST AND...

• IT'S CONNECTED TO THE PRESENT

ed has broken his leg, so he can't play football this weekend.

• IT'S STILL TRUE

ben and karen have lived in london for seven years.

• IT DOESN'T SAY WHEN

anna has never been to canada.

• IT'S VERY RECENT

have you done your homework?

PRESENT PERFECT

• WE SAY WHEN IT HAPPENED

i went to paris last summer.

• THE ACTION IS NOT LONGER TRUE / IT DOESN'T CONTINUE

i went into town this morning (it is now the afternoon/evening) prince wrote over 150 songs. (he died in 2016).

PAST SIMPLE

EXPRESSIONS

To help you know the answer.

EVER (?) = alguna vezNEVER = nunca YET (-, ?) = ya, todavía ALREADY (+, ?) = ya JUST = acabo de... SINCE = desde (+momento) FOR = durante (+periodo)

CAREFUL WITH...!

Pay attention!

Since / For*

PAST vs. PARTICIPLE

YET never in affirmative

HAVE BEEN / HAVE GONE

Adverbs position