Lezioni di Latino

prima lezione di latino ad maiora

Inter nos

Dove troviamo il latino?

Cave canem

In vino veritas

SPQR

Senatus Populus Quirites Romani Senatus Populusque Romanus

Locuzione latina che significa: "Stai attento al cane"

Proverbio latino che significa: "La verità è nel vino"

Dove troviamo il latinO?

Curriculum vitae

Incipit & Post scriptum

Mens sana in corpore sano

1. Le prime parole con cui inizia un testo2. Breve aggiunta o ultimo appunto, a conclusione di un messaggio scritto

"Corso della vita in breve"Documento che presenta la situazione personale, scolastica e lavorativa

Locuzione latina tratta da un capoverso delle Satire di Giovenale

Perché studiamo il latino?

• Conoscere l’etimologia di molti termini che derivano da esso;
• Tradurre i testi in lingua latina;
• Acquisire metodo critico e capacità di analisi.

La diffusione del Latino

• Parlato dai Latini, popolazione indoeuropea

• Fondazione di Roma nel 753 a.C.

• Guerre di espansione

• Diffusione del Latino nei territori conquistati

• Latino -> lingua di maggior prestigio nel mondo occidentale

LE LINGUE NEOLATINE

• Conquista romana
• Romanizzazione
• Diffusione del Latino
• Influenze tra lingua precedente all'invasione e Latino
• Linque neolatine: Italiano, Francese, Spagnolo, Portoghese, Gallego, Catalano, Romeno

Le lettere, i suoni e la pronuncia

Analisi logica

Seconda lezione di latino ad maiora

Inter nos

Historia vita memoriae, magistra vitae est. La storia (è) la vita della memoria (ed) è maestra di vita.

I casi

Terminazione

• Genere
• Numero
• CASO -> FUNZIONE LOGICA

Nominativo

Soggetto

Genitivo

Complemento di specificazione

Dativo

Complemento di termine

Complemento oggetto

Accusativo

Complemento vocativo

Vocativo

Complementi vari (di mezzo, ...)

Ablativo

flessione o declinazione

terminazione

Genere

• maschile
• femminile
• neutro

Numero

• singolare
• plurale

Caso

- nomi- aggettivi - pronomi

Historia vita memoriae, magistra vitae est. La storia (è) la vita della memoria (ed) è maestra di vita.

I casi

Terminazione

• Genere
• Numero
• CASO -> FUNZIONE LOGICA

Nominativo

Soggetto

Genitivo

Complemento di specificazione

Dativo

Complemento di termine

Complemento oggetto

Accusativo

Comlemento vocativo

Vocativo

Complementi vari (di mezzo, ...)

Ablativo

prima declinazione

COME SI DECLINA?

QUALI SOSTANTIVI COMPRENDE?

Nomi femminili e pochi maschili :

• nominativo singolare in -a breve
• genitivo singolare in -ae

• Caso
• Genere
• Numero

Analizza

3. Arae

2. Discipulă

1. Ancillarum

6. Dominis

5. Pecuniā

4. Fabulam

9. Poetă

8. Incolae

7. Silvas

11. Scholis

12. Violam

10. Pugnarum

14. Nautā

15. Aviam

13. Puellae

Le congiunzioni

Congiunzione copulativa e:

• et
• atque o ac
• -que

Io amo la disciplina e la cultura.

Disciplinam et doctrinam amo.Disciplinam atque/ac doctrinam amo. Disciplinam doctrinamque amo.

Congiunzione avversativa ma:

• sed
• at

La ragazza sorride, ma è triste.

Puellă ridet, sed maestă est.Puellă ridet, at maestă est.

Terza lezione di Latino ad maiora

Inter nos

il verbo sum

sum

(io) sono

(tu) sei

es

(egli) è

est

(noi) siamo

sumus

estis

(voi) siete

sunt

(essi) sono

LA COSTRUZIONE DELLA FRASE LATINA

Hortensia dominae bonas amicas accipit.Ortensia della padrona le buona amiche accoglie. Ortensia accoglie le buone amiche della padrona.

Una costruzione inversa...

Laudo = io lodo Laudas = tu lodi Laudat = egli loda Laudāmus = noi lodiamo Laudātis = voi lodate Laudant = essi lodano

Moneo = io ammoniscoMones = tu ammonisci Monet = egli ammonisce Monēmus = noi ammoniamo Monētis = voi ammonite Monent = essi ammoniscono

Seconda coniugazione -ēre

prima coniugazione -are

Quarta coniugazione -ire

Terza coniugazione -Ĕre

Lego = io leggoLegis = tu leggi Legit = egli legge Legĭmus = noi leggiamo Legĭtis = voi leggete Legunt = essi leggono

Audio = io odoAudis = tu odi Audit = egli ode Audīmus = noi udiamo Audītis = voi udite Audiunt = essi odono

quarta lezione di Latino ad maiora

Inter nos

LA SECONDA DECLINAZIONE

Caratterizzata dal genitivo singolare in -i

QUALI SOSTANTIVI COMPRENDE?

1. Maschili e femminili, nominativo uscente in -us;2.Maschili, nominativo uscente in -er; 3. Neutri, nominativo uscente in -um.

1, 2, 3...

singolare. plurale

SECONDA DECLINAZIONE

1. Sostantivi maschili e femminili con il nominativo uscente in -us

Sostantivi in -er

• Mantengono -e-

in tutta la declinazione

• Presentano -e-

solo al nominativo e vocativo singolare

singolare plurale

singolare plurale

SECONDA DECLINAZIONE

singolare. plurale

3. Sostantivi con il nominativo uscente in

-um

nominativo, accusativo, vocativo.

Imperfetto del verbo sum

Eramus = noi eravamo Eratis = voi eravate Erant = essi erano

Eram = io ero Eras = tu eri Erat = egli era

Imperfetto delle quattro comiugazioni

I NUMERI

Alcune regole utili

• Da sinistra a destra;

• I, X, C, M ripetere solo per 3 volte ;
• V, L, D non ripetere mai;
• IV = 5 - 1 = 4;
• VI = 5 + 1 = 6;
• IX = 10 - (10 - 1) = 9;
• I, X, C per sottrazioni, solo 1 volta;
• valore della lettera sottratta non può essere minore di un decimo del valore a cui viene sottratta.

Gli animali

Aquila

Lupus

Cuniculus

Cygnus

Equus

Lacerta

Ursus

Cervus

I COLORI

Albus

Niger

Caeruleus

Aureus

Flavus

Ruber

Purpura

Viridis

• il soggetto all'inizio della proposizione;
• il verbo alla fine della proposizione;
• il complemento oggetto prima del verbo da cui dipende;
• il complemento di specificazione prima del sostantivo che specifica;
• l'attributo prima del sostantivo a cui si riferisce.

Gli altri complementi non hanno una collocazione fissa.Inoltre, in latino il pronome personale con funzione di soggetto viene per lo più omesso.

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