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HEAVY METALS

Narjes Shammar

Created on January 11, 2024

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Transcript

great

heavy metals toxins

1.Narjes shammar 2.lana majed 3.toqa alkufahy 4. shahed alshakhatreh 5.rawan alna'amneh 6.shaima alsmadi

Start

heavy metals

  • Heavy metals are toxic to human health
  • most common heavy metals are lead (pb), mercury(Hg), cadmium(Cd) and arsenic(As)
  • Indoor concentration of heavy metals is generally less than their oitdoor concentration
  • They are mainly produced by industrial activities, and deposit slowly in the surrounding water and soil.

TRANSPORT PHENOMENON

PROPERTIES OF HEAVY METALS

  • water.
  • food.
  • AIR..
  • Adsorption or absorption onto various materials.
EXAMPLE: Over half of the heavy metal input into GREAT LAKES is due to deposition from awir.
  • Have high densities.
  • Toxic in nature.
  • Nondegradable
NOTE: Arsenic is not actually a metal but is a semimetal i.e. its properties are intermediate between those of metals and nonmetals.

Toxicity of heavy metals ...

  • Mercury is highly toxic in vapor form but lead, cadmium and arsenic are more toxic in their cationic form
  • Toxicity arises from strong affinity of the heavy metal cations for sulfur
  • Medicinal treatment for heavy metal poisoning is done by chelation therapy by administering compounds known as chelates.

Toxicity of trace heavy metals..

CADMIUM

ARSENIC

CHROMIUM

Toxicity of trace heavy metals..

NICKEL

LEAD

MERCURY

1.Lead (Pb):

lead...

LEAD...

+ info

2.cadimum:

CADIMUM....

CADIMUM...

+ info

3. MERCURY:

MERCURY....

  • 4 types: Hgº(metallic),
  • Hg+ (not absorbed), Hg++ (absorbed), organic mercury.
  • Exposure: in chlorine industry, herbicides and fungicides industry, explosives industry.

MERCURY ...

  • Highly toxic in vapor form
  • Liquid mercury itself is not highly toxic, and most of that ingested is excreted
  • Distributed to all body organs especially: liver, kidney, CNS, RBC.
  • Mercury toxicity/mechanism : mercury combine with different active groups (mainly SH group) in the body and prevent glucose transfer to cells, affect cell permeability.

4. arsenic:

arsenic ...

  • Present in herbicides, fungucides, insecticides, glass industry, animal drugs.
  • Absorption: mainly absorbed from intestine and excreted in the biliary.
  • Distribution: liver, hair, skin, muscles

Arsenic...

mechanism of action:

  • Arsenic ions combine with sulfahydryl group present in many enzymes necessary in metabolism and energy providing for the body processes lead to inhibit those enzymes.
  • Two types of Oxides: As2O3( As+3 more toxic), As2O5 ( As+5 by oxidation in the body it become As2O3).

arsenic...

Symptoms of Toxicity:

acute: affect many enzymes and cause edema in eyelid and face , GIT disturbances ( abdominal pain, vomiting, watery diarrhea), skeletal muscle cramps, could cause death.

Chronic: confusion, disturbances in GIT, neuropathy, muscle ache, anemia, nephropathy, hepatic dysfunction, birth defects, cancer (skin, lung), garlic smell, colored skin.

arsenic...

5. iron:

6.copper:

copper...

  • Used in insecticides and pesticides.
  • Mechanism of action:
precipitate the cell protein lead to cell destruction.

copper....

Symptoms Acute:

  • vomiting (bluish green+ blood)
  • black diarrhea.
  • hypotension.
  • irritation of gastric mucosa.
  • metallic taste.
  • jaundice, coma...... death.

Symptoms Chronic:

  • liver cirrhosis.
  • anemia.
  • convulsion\ muscle collapse.
  • blue skin.
  • depression....... death.

Treatment:

+ info

7.flour (f):

fluorine...

  • Found in nature ,soil ,air, coal burning ….. Metal industry .
  • MOA : inhibit cellular metabolism and prevent energy production, by binding Aceytl CoA enzyme in Krebs cycle (change of lipids to glucose).
Cobalt(Co):

cobalt...

  • Main vitamin in B12 which is main factor in RBC synthesis (80% eliminated in urine )

Treatment: BAL, EDTA, Na, Ca

91

CYANIDE

HYDROCYNIDE ACID:

  • hydrocynide acid (very volatile)
  • Fatal in minutes, very toxic chemical
  • Used in fumigants(method of pest control that completely fills an area with gaseous pesticides—or fumigants—to suffocate or poison the pests within) , metal cleaners, rodenticides, many industries, in many fruits seeds (apple, beach, berry)
  • Also found as amygdalin ( cyanogenic glycoside )
  • Found in bitter alamond
  • The odor of bitter almond my be detected on the patient’s breath or in vomits.

SELVER

10

Argyria ...

  • Argyria is a rare skin condition that can happen if silver builds up in the body over a long time .
  • It can turn skin , eyes, internal organs , nails ,and gums a blue -gray color, esecailly in areas of body exposed to sunlight .That change in skin color is permanent .

SILNER SOURCES :

1. In some drugs :

Silver acetate

+ info

Silver Nitrate

Colloidal silver protine

Silver Sulfadiazine

+ info

2. Silver mining , processing ,or manufacturing :

+ info

+ info

Symptoms :

  • Ingesting silver salt solution leads to gastrointestinal symptoms ,including burning senation ,abdominal pain , vomiting (with black vomitus ) ,diarrhea ,shock ,and convulsion.
  • Repeated use may cause
1. mouth and gums turning gray-brown , 2.skin may start to turn slate -gray or metallic, or blue- gray. this could happen after a few months or years(dose dependent) 3. sclera and nails may turn to gray-blue .

+ info

HEAVY METALS TOXICITY

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