Famous Structures

Raquel Pelaez 1B

The Most Famous Structures In The World

Massive Vaulted Triangular Hangigng Framed Laminated

THE MOST FAMOUS STRUCTURES IN U.S

Massive Vaulted Triangular Hanging Framed Laminated

MASSIVE

The first man-made structures were carved from rock or were built by stacking 3 rocks or other materials. This left little space between them, like in the Mayan or Egyptian pyramids.Short stone or wooden lintels *were also used to make windows and open spaces, for example, in Greek temples.

VAULTEDWith arches and vaults, builders could cover larger spaces and have bigger gaps in the structures. Vaulted structures are formed by arches and vaults using stones that are cut in such a way that the only stress they support is compression - no problem for hard stone. The Romans used round arches to build bridges and aqueducts and they used barrel vaults and domes to cover basilicas and pantheons. Later, pointed arches and ribbed vaults were used in mosques and cathedrals. We still use them today.

MASSIVEThe first man-made structures were carved from rock or were built by stacking 3 rocks or other materials. This left little space between them, like in the Mayan or Egyptian pyramids. Short stone or wooden lintels *were also used to make windows and open spaces, for example, in Greek temples.

HANGING

This type of structure uses cables, called suspenders which the structure hangs from. When they can be adjusted, they are called tension members.The cables only bear traction stress, but the advantage is that they can adapt their shape to different loads at different times and they are incredibly light. Cables are used to fasten bridges, marquees'', antennas and towers. There are many kinds of suspended structures which can cover large spaces like stadiums and pavilions, without the need for columns or pillars.

FRAMEDConcrete led to major advances'8 in construction because it could be made into any shape. Concrete resists compression and with steel rebar 9 frameworks it can also bear traction.

TRIANGULARThe These structures are made from bars, normally metal or wooden. The use of triangular shapes means they are not easily deformed. This makes them ideal for building bridges (triangular beams), covered with large trusses's and vertical structures, like towers and scaffolds

Space Needle

Head to Seattle to see the city’s iconic 158-meter observation tower, known as the Space Needle. Built for the 1962 World’s Fair, the Space Needle stands as a monument to innovation and Seattle’s forward-thinking ethos. Serving as the natural backdrop to Seattle’s urban center is the iconic and epic Mount Rainier, a beautiful volcanic mountain that stills over 4,300 meters high. Also iconic to Seattle is your favorite coffee shop, Starbucks. Visit one unlike any other at the Starbucks Seattle Roastery.

HANGING This type of structure uses cables, called suspenders which the structure hangs from. When they can be adjusted, they are called tension members. The cables only bear traction stress, but the advantage is that they can adapt their shape to different loads at different times and they are incredibly light. Cables are used to fasten bridges, marquees", antennas and towers. There are many kinds of suspended structures which can cover large spaces like stadiums and pavilions, without the need for columns or pillars.

EMPIRE STATE BUILDING

An iconic part of New York City’s skyline since 1931 and standing 1,200 feet high, this Art Deco building and award-winning U.S. landmark allows travelers to take in sensational views of Manhattan from its observation areas on the 86th and 102nd floors, day or night. “We had VIP tickets pre-booked and skipped all the lines, well worth the extra cost. Staff were friendly and knowledgeable. Great views of New York, really enjoyed our visit,” said one TripAdvisor reviewer. Skip-The-Line Empire State Building Experience With Observatory Viewing This Empire State Building Experience not only lets you skip the line for fast admission to the ever-popular Empire State Building, but also includes access to the 102nd Floor Observatory for incredible views over Manhattan—up to 80 miles of visibility on a clear day. A three-course dinner in a well-regarded restaurant inside the Empire State Building is also included for a classy end to your tour (or start to your evening). Tickets start at $149 per person.

LAMINATEDThese are formed by laminates of metal, plastic or composite material like reinforced concrete. Their curved shape and folds give them their strength. I The curved shape makes the laminates bear the stress of traction and compression on their surface. I The folds and ribs? give rigidity in exact points. So, for example, the rim on a plastic cup prevents the cup from deforming when we drink and the grooves on the side make it stronger when we hold it.

GRANG CENTRAL TERMINAL

A busy commuter railroad station in the heart of Manhattan that’s also renowned as an architectural wonder, Grand Central is a popular tourist draw for its striking interior design and variety of shops and restaurants. A TripAdvisor reviewer stated, “Grand Central is the most glamorous train terminal ever. Full of restaurants, shops. The ceiling is magical, painted with mythical figures, wonderful.”

Grand Central Indoor Food Tour More than just a place to wait for a train, Grand Central Terminal is also a great place to grab a bite to eat. Discover the breadth of the terminal’s offerings on this Grand Central Indoor Food Tour: an $89 ticket gets you plenty of food tastings like coffee, cheeses, cakes, sandwiches, and other goods, along with heaps of insight into the station’s eclectic history.

BILTMORE ESTATE

Once the home of George Washington Vanderbilt II, the 135,280 square foot estate on 6,950 acres is the largest privately owned house in the U.S. and gives visitors a feel for life in America’s Gilded Age. “I loved the library of George Vanderbilt and the banquet hall was amazing. Outside the house, the gardens would take up quite a time, especially during springs as azaleas were in full bloom. A must-do for anyone interested in the historical high-end lifestyle of the U.S.,” commented a TripAdvisor reviewer. Self-Guided Audio Tour With Lunch Though the Biltmore Estate is impressive to look at, it’s even more remarkable when you take a tour through its massive grounds and mansion. This package for Biltmore Admission with Self-Guided Audio Tour & Lunch is a popular choice at this famous U.S. landmark, because it lets you explore at your own pace without missing a single thing. After your tour, linger on the grounds for an included lunch and a stroll through the gardens. Tickets start at $109 per person.

Gateway Arch, St. Louis, Missouri

The world’s tallest arch sits in St. Louis Missouri, and was built to symbolize the westward expansion of the United States. The Gateway Arch, as it’s called, is dedicated to the American People, and is incredible to behold. The stainless steel structure stands nearly 200 meters in height, making it tallest man-made monument in the Western Hemisphere and the tallest accessible building in Missouri. St. Louis is also home to City Museum, the 10-story, 100-year-old surrealist wonderland that combines the whimsy of a children’s playground with the sophistication of modern architecture. Another iconic museum in the area is Mark Twain’s boyhood home, which is also worth a visit.

TRIANGULAR

These structures are made from bars, normally metal or wooden. The use of triangular shapes means they are not easily deformed. This makes them ideal for building bridges (triangular beams), covered with large trusses's and vertical structures, like towers and scaffolds

STATUE OF LIBERTY

Proudly standing 151 feet high, Lady Liberty remains the most recognizable symbol of American freedom—and unsurprisingly one of the best U.S. landmarks to visit, according to our travelers. A TripAdvisor reviewer commented, “As beautiful as the statue is when driving by during the day or viewing from the lower Manhattan area, the statue is really impressive when sailing by after dark, on a cruise departing from New York. Even native New Yorkers were impressed.” Afternoon Statue Of Liberty Tour The Afternoon Statue of Liberty Tour with Pedestal Access is a no-fuss Statue of Liberty tour done right. Ferry tickets and entrance fees are included in the price, and a guide fills you in on the history and fun facts about the Statue of Liberty that you might miss if visiting on your own. Free time is included at the end of the tour so you can even go back to your favorite spots to explore on your own. Tickets start at $57 per person.

BROOKLYN BRIDGE

Opened in 1883 and spanning nearly 6,000 feet, the Brooklyn Bridge is one of the world’s most recognizable suspension bridges and a classic New York sight. “Visiting the Brooklyn Bridge, which is the bridge between Manhattan and Brooklyn, is a must see spot for those in the city. Walking over from DUMBO into Manhattan is your best bet, as you walk towards the incredible skyline of New York City. It’s a truly marvelous experience,” exclaimed a TripAdvisor reviewer. Brooklyn Bridge Guided Walking Tour Crossing the Brooklyn Bridge is a New York City rite of passage, and this Brooklyn Bridge Guided Walking Tour makes the most of every step. Learn the interesting history behind the bridge’s construction, which went hand-in-hand with the growth of New York City from a sleepy town to one of the most influential cities in the world. Get in touch with history from the American Revolution to today as you cross the bridge with your guide—tickets start at $26 per person.

USS ARIZONA MEMORIAL

A solemn and respectful tribute to the lives lost in the December 7, 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor, this memorial is situated above the sunken hull of the USS Arizona. “Learning about the history from a book and actually standing over the sunken ship containing our fallen soldiers are totally different things. This is sobering, thought-provoking, and memorable,” offered a TripAdvisor reviewer. Deluxe Memorial & Historical City Tour See the USS Arizona in the broader context of Hawaii when you visit as part of this Deluxe Arizona Memorial and Historical City Tour. Transportation is all included, so you can see top Honolulu sights like the USS Arizona, Iolani Palace, Punchbowl National Cemetery, and the King Kamehameha statue without spending time on logistics. A guide keeps the tour informative and entertaining as you drive around. Tickets start at $47 per person.

CLOUD GATE

This popular stainless steel structure in Millennium Park, affectionately known as “the Bean,” has become a Chicago icon. “It’s one of the most recognizable pieces of public art. Something about this huge silver bean just makes you feel like a kid. It’s fun not only to look at, but to touch, take pictures and people watch,” noted a TripAdvisor reviewer. Chicago Greatest Hits Bicycle Tour A classic Chicago city sightseeing tour takes on a playful twist with the Chicago Greatest Hits Bicycle Tour, a 2.5-hour morning or evening spin around the Windy City. Cruise by Chicago’s must-see sights like the Bean, Buckingham Fountain, and the lakefront, stopping to snap photos at the landmarks that catch your attention. Joining a guide for the bike tour eliminates the hassle of trying to navigate unknown territory by bicycle, leaving you free to to just enjoy the ride.

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VAULTED

With arches and vaults, builders could cover larger spaces and have bigger gaps in the structures.Vaulted structures are formed by arches and vaults using stones that are cut in such a way that the only stress they support is compression - no problem for hard stone. The Romans used round arches to build bridges and aqueducts and they used barrel vaults and domes to cover basilicas and pantheons. Later, pointed arches and ribbed vaults were used in mosques and cathedrals. We still use them today.

GOLDEN GRATE BRIDGE

Spanning 4,200 feet, this famous suspension bridge connecting San Francisco and Marin County is one of the most stunning landmarks in the world. Travelers can take in the breathtaking views of the Golden Gate Bridge and bay with a leisurely walk across or on one of numerous popular bike tours. “Make sure you walk or ride a bike over it for the full experience! There are several look outs and each gives a different perspective of the bridge and city,” commented one TripAdvisor reviewer.

The Golden Gate Bridge is nice to look at, but it’s much more fun to cross. Book this 3-Hour Bike Tour from San Francisco to Sausalito via the Golden Gate Bridge to get the whole experience of riding across the Golden Gate Bridge with unobstructed views, no traffic, and the wind in your hair. Then, arrive in Sausalito for a leisurely afternoon browsing shops and restaurants before pedaling back or taking a ferry to the city. At $35 per person, this is a great value for a city tour and a bike rental in one.

For a different perspective on the Golden Gate Bridge, opt for this highly-rated San Francisco Bay Sunset Catamaran Cruise, starting at $60 per person. Make it a romantic night out as you sail beneath the Golden Gate Bridge and past Alcatraz—a two-for-one of the best U.S. landmarks—munching on hors d’oeuvres and sipping drinks as you go. Details like extra time to take photos near the bridge and included jackets (the wind can get chilly) make this tour well worth the price.

Lincoln Memorial

The majestic Lincoln statue in the National Mall is an enduring symbol of American values. Visitors can read moving excerpts from the Gettysburg Address and Lincoln’s inaugural address. “The location and size of this Memorial are so impressive but it is the texts from Lincoln’s addresses that are most inspiring,” said one TripAdvisor reviewer.

See the Lincoln Memorial all lit up when you visit on this DC After Dark tour, starting at $45 per person. Other tour highlights include the White House and the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, plus a photo stop in front of the U.S. Capitol building. The early evening light is perfect for taking good pictures of this famous American landmark.

Thanks to its flat layout, a bike tour is another great way to see the Lincoln Memorial and Washington, DC. This Washington Monuments Bike Tour takes you past numerous monuments including the Lincoln Memorial, Jefferson Memorial, and more via comfortable and easy-to-ride cruisers—a ride that flies by as your guide shares fun facts about DC and stops to take your picture in front of the famous landmarks. Tours start at $44 per person and include a bike rental and helmet.

LAMINATED

These are formed by laminates of metal, plastic or composite material like reinforced concrete. Their curved shape and folds give them their strength.I The curved shape makes the laminates bear the stress of traction and compression on their surface. I The folds and ribs? give rigidity in exact points. So, for example, the rim on a plastic cup prevents the cup from deforming when we drink and the grooves on the side make it stronger when we hold it.

ALCATRAZ ISLAND

A little over a mile offshore in San Francisco Bay, “The Rock” operated as a federal prison from 1934-1963, housed infamous inmates such as Al Capone and Whitey Bulger and inspired numerous novels and films. Today, travelers can take remarkable tours offering historical insights including a first-hand look at the prison cells and grounds. “A visit to Alcatraz is a must when visiting San Francisco. For the history of the prison and famous escapes, of course, but also for the island itself and its beautiful gardens and view on the city,” noted a TripAdvisor reviewer. It’s no surprise Alcatraz topped the list of best U.S. landmarks in this year’s awards.

Alcatraz tickets often sell out months ahead of time—an unpleasant surprise for visitors who didn’t book their tickets well in advance. Luckily, booking a guided tour is a good loophole for seeing Alcatraz in style, even if you’re only a few days away. The highly rated Jail and Sail: Alcatraz Tour and Twilight Bay Cruise also throws some romantic sightseeing on the San Francisco Bay into the mix, starting at $108 per person.

FRAMED

Concrete led to major advances'8 in construction because it could be made into any shape. Concrete resists compression and with steel rebar 9 frameworks it can also bear traction.