Phases of the French Revolution

Phases of the French Revolution

1- Constitutional Monarchy (1789-1792))

Formation of the Legislative Assembly

cONSTITUTIONAL mONARCHY (1789-1792

These ideas summarize the initial phase of the French Revolution, where the aim was to establish a new form of government and society based on principles of liberty, equality, and property, while retaining certain elements of constitutional monarchy.

Abolition of Feudalism

Creation of the National Guard

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

Nationalization of Church Property

Royal Veto

Census Suffrage

CIVIL CONSTITUTION OF THE CLERGY

Principles of the Constitution (1791)

Next

Phases of the French Revolution

New Constitution (1793) and Social Democracy

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC (1792-1794)

2- Democratic Republic (1792-1794)

Reorganization of the Army and Social Laws

Flight to Varennes (June 1791)

These ideas reflect the key stages of the French Revolution, from the creation of the First Republic to the Jacobin radicalization, followed by the period of Terror, and ultimately, the fall of the Jacobins and the establishment of a new political phase.

Girondist Convention (September 1792)

Cult of the Goddess of Reason and New Calendar

Fall of the Jacobins (Summer of 1794)

Execution of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette

Reign of terror

Execution of Robespierre and Jacobin Leaders

Jacobin Convention (June 1793)

Next

Previous

Phases of the French Revolution

3- The bourgeois republic (1794-1799)

The Bourgeois Republic (1794-1799)

Opposition to the Government

These ideas highlight the transition from the Jacobin phase to the Bourgeois Republic, marked by the establishment of the Directory and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte to power, initiating the era of the Consulate and foreshadowing the future peak of the Napoleonic Empire.

The Directory

Role of the Army

Restoration of Executive and Legislative Powers

Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte (1799)

Political Position of the New Republic

Aim of Napoleon Bonaparte

Previous

Political Position of the New Republic:

The liberal politics of the new Republic stood between absolutism and the social democracy of the Jacobins.

Reorganization of the Army and Social Laws:

The army underwent reorganization, and social laws, such as price and wage controls, were implemented to meet the demands of the Sans-culottes.

Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte (1799):

In 1799, one of the members of the Directory, the young general Napoleon Bonaparte, led a coup and established a new government called the Consulate.

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen:

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen was approved, grounded in the principles of liberty, equality, and property.

Execution of Robespierre and Jacobin Leaders:

Robespierre and other Jacobin leaders were tried and executed as a result of the coup led by the bourgeoisie.

Cult of the Goddess of Reason and New Calendar:

A new calendar was initiated, and the Cult of the Goddess of Reason was established, aiming to create a secular society.

Execution of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette:

Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette were accused of treason and executed by the guillotine.

Formation of the Legislative Assembly:

Once the Constitution was approved, the Legislative Assembly was formed, taking measures to ensure the equality of citizens.

Girondist Convention (September 1792)

Following the king's arrest, the Girondins, moderate revolutionaries elected by universal male suffrage, created the National Convention.

Aim of Napoleon Bonaparte:

The aim of Bonaparte was to implement the more moderate ideologies of the Revolution.

Democratic Republic (1792-1794)

The monarchy was replaced by the First French Republic during this period, due to the Flight to Varennes.

Nationalization of Church Property:

Church properties were nationalized, but the state committed to funding the practice of Catholicism.

Abolition of Feudalism:

The decree was made to abolish the feudal system, marking a break with the previous social and economic structure.

Creation of the National Guard:

A new army, the National Guard, was created as part of measures to ensure security and equality.

Flight to Varennes (June 1791)

Louis XVI attempted to flee the country to join the Austrian army and restore absolutism but was arrested and brought back to Paris.

Opposition to the Government:

There was opposition to the government from two sides: the privileged sector, which awaited the return of the monarchy, and the Sans-culottes, who preferred the Jacobin government.

Principles of the Constitution (1791):

The 1791 Constitution, drafted by the Assembly, included the separation of powers, national sovereignty, and equality before the law.

Reign of Terror:

A period of intense repression, known as the "Reign of Terror," took place, where individuals considered enemies of the revolution were persecuted and executed.

The Bourgeois Republic (1794-1799):

After the coup, the conservative bourgeoisie regained power and established a new Constitution in 1795.

New Constitution and Social Democracy:

A new Constitution based on social democracy, with universal male suffrage, was approved. This constitution never came into effect.

Constitutional Monarchy (1789-1792)

The new National Constituent Assembly aimed to establish a constitutional and parliamentary monarchy.

Jacobin Convention (June 1793)::

The radical Jacobins took power, establishing a government led by the Committee of Public Safety and Robespierre.

The Directory:

Under the new government, executive power was strong, exercised by a council of five members known as the Directory.

Civil Constitution of the Clergy:

The Civil Constitution of the Clergy was implemented, separating the Church and the state, redefining the relationship between them.

Role of the Army:

The resulting crisis meant that the army was the only body capable of reinstating order.

Census Suffrage:

Census suffrage was introduced, limiting the right to vote to those who met certain economic requirements.

Royal Veto:

Although a constitutional monarchy was established, the king retained the power to veto laws.

Fall of the Jacobins (Summer of 1794):

The situation in France stabilized momentarily, and the bourgeoisie led a coup to overthrow the Jacobins, ending political persecutions.

Restoration of Executive and Legislative Powers:

Consensus voting was reinstated, and legislative power was once again divided into two chambers: the Council of Five Hundred and the Council of Elders.