NUTRITION

We're are what we eat. Eat happiness!!

Unit 3

NUTRITION

In this unit I'm going to learn...

01

What's nutrition? And vocabulary

02

The digestive system

03

The respiratory system

04

The circulatory system

05

The excretory system

INDEX

Respiratory S

Mindmap

Vocabulary

Digestive S

Project

Legal stuff

Excretory S

Circulatory S

Vocabulary

Copy these words and add the definition

• Waste products
• Nutrition
• Nutrients
• Absorption
• Digestion
• Inspiration
• Expiration
• Urine
• Oxygen

Also, copy and COMPLETE the mindmap of the unit

01

Digestive System

"All disease starts in the gut" Hipocrates

Digestive system

homework

The organs that help us to obtain energy.

We have billions of cells in our bodies that need nutrients and oxygen to get energy and matter to grow, work properly and reproduce. In this process, they create waste products we need to eliminate. Nutrients are inside the food that we eat. There are different types of nutrients: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins and mineral salts. We also need water and fiber, which are not nutrients but are necessary for the digestive system to work properly.

We obtain energy in a 3 step process

Absorption

Elimination

Digestion

The waste products are expelled from the body through the anus.

It starts in the mouth and finishes in the small intestine. In it we take the food and is mixed with juices to break it down.

It takes place in the small intestine. The broken down nutrients pass into the blood.

02

Respiratory system

You just have to take a deep breathe, relax and let the game come to you.

Respiratory system

The air is made up of many components: oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc. Oxygen is used in our bodies to extract energy for the cells. On the other hand, carbon dioxide is a waste product the cells create and we need to eliminate it. Respiration is a two step process:

1. Inspiration: the diaphragm contracts, the lungs expand and air comes into the nose and mouth. The air passes through the pharynx, larynx and trachea. Then, the air goes into the bronchi and the bronchiolus and it finally reaches the alveoli. There, the oxygen from the air is transferred to the bloodstream.
2. Expiration: in the lungs, the carbon dioxide from the blood is transferred to the alveoli. The diaphragm relaxes, the lungs contract and the air is expelled out through the trachea, the larynx, the pharynx and finally the mouth.

+ homework

03

Circulatory system

“Live healthy, stay young at heart.”

Circulatory system

+ homework

The circulatory system is made up of 2 organs:blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) and the heart. The blood is a tissue that runs through the blood vessels. It is made up of different cells: red blood cells (transport the oxygen), white blood cells (protect the body from the germs) and platelets (create a scab to seal the blood vessels).Blood circulates through two circuits connected by the heart:Pulmonary circulation: it passes through the lungs to obtain the oxygen and release the carbon dioxide. Systemic circulation: it passes through all the other organs. When it passes through the small intestine, it collects the nutrients from the digestive system.

Veins (more info!)

Arteries (more info!)

04

EXCRETORY SYSTEM

From your heart to the toilet

Excretory system

The urinary system is another two step process:

Filtering

The cells of the body release waste products into the bloodstream.Blood passes through the kidneys. The kidneys filter it and extract the wasteproducts from it. The kidneys also absorb water which, together with wasteproducts, form urine. Urine travels through the ureters to the urinary bladder,where it builds up

Elimination

When the urinary bladder is almost full, we feel the need to urinate.Urine is removed through the urethra.

+ homework

PROJECT TIME

Objective: create a model of one of the systems and explain ORALLY the process from the beginning to the end. You need to:

00

01

Draw / create with materials the different organs of your system. Label them.

Add a section in which you explain healthy habits to take care of this system.

02

Prepare a script to present the project in public.

03

Netiqueta, propiedad intelectual y autoría

https://www.netiquetate.com/

Diaphragm

It's the muscle that allows our lungs to take air in and out as it contracts and expands.

Bronchi

These tubes allow the air to enter into your lungs.

Pancreas

Makes enzymes (substances) important for digestion, as insulin

Bladder

The bladder stores urine (produced by the kidneys). When it is full you feel the urge to empty it through the urethra.

Salivary glands

It produces saliva, the first enzyme that starts to dissolve food and helps us speaking.

Kidney

They filter blood and take waste products away from it. The waste products are mixed with water and sent to the bladder.

Pharynx

It's the passage that leads to lungs and the stomach. Both respiration and digestion pass through here.

Vena Cava and Aorta

Two of the most important blood vessels in the human body. They take nutrients and waste products to and from the excretory system.

Pharynx

It's the passage that leads to lungs and the stomach. Both respiration and digestion pass through here.

Large intestine

It is where the absorption of nutrients finishes and the formation of haeces starts.

Traquea

Also called the windpipe, it takes air from the upper part of the respiratory system to the bronchi.

Anus

It helps the expel of the waste and protects the access to the digestive system

Larynx

It helps produce vocal sounds and closes the windpipe during swallowing so that no food particles pass into the lungs

Esophagus

It's a muscular tube that joins mouth and stomach

Ureter

They connect the liver to the bladder.

Small intestine

The small intestine carries out most of the digestive process, absorbing almost all of the nutrients you get from foods into your bloodstream.

The heart:

is a muscular organ divided into 4 chambers. Blood follows the same direction inside the heart: it enters through the atriums while itleaves through the ventricles.

• Newborn babies have the fastest heart beats.
• Your heart is located in the middle of your chest.
• Your heart beats around 100,000 times a day.
• Heart attacks happen most often on Monday mornings.

Rectum

It stores the waste products and forms the haeces before them being expelled.

Nasal cavity

It's where the air and the particles that you can perceive as odour enter your body.

Lungs

Lungs are baglike organs, or body parts, used for breathing. When you breath in they are filled with air and the oxygen is extracted. When you breath out you exhale Carbon Dioxyde

Liver

The liver has three main functions; cleans your blood, produces emzymes that help digestion and stores sugar.

Bronchiole

They deliver air to a diffuse network of around 300 million alveoli in the lungs.

Arteries

Arteries are an important part of our body's transportation system, just like veins. Let's break it down in a way that's easy to understand:What are arteries? Arteries are like the roads or highways in our body. They are tubes that carry blood away from the heart to deliver it to different parts of our body.Red color: Unlike veins that might look blue or green under the skin, arteries often look red. This is because the blood inside them is full of oxygen, and oxygen-rich blood is bright red

Sinuses

They secrete mucus to protect against infection and humidify the air you breathe before it reaches the lungs.

Veins

Our bodies have a lot of veins, and they work together with other blood vessels to make sure our blood reaches every part of our body. Now, let's break it down:What are veins? Veins are like tubes that carry blood back to the heart. You can think of them as the return paths for blood.Blue or green color? Sometimes people say veins look blue or green, especially on the wrist or the back of the hand. This is because of the way our skin and tissues absorb and reflect light. The blood inside the veins is actually red, but it can look a bit different when seen through our skin. How veins connect: Veins form a network throughout our body. They connect to smaller veins, and those connect to even smaller ones until they reach every part of our body.

Stomach

It stores the food you've eaten, disolves it into a liquid mixture and empties it into the small intestine