BASIC SHAPES PRESENTATION

Future Forms

CAE

will

shall

be going to

present contiuous

present simple

Future perfect simple

Future perfect continuous

review and check 1

review and check 2

Future continuous

Time clauses

review and check 3

Other ways to express the future

will

Predictions.

1. It looks as if Jake will lose his job.
2. In all probability, nothing much will change.
3. Maybe they'll arrive a little later tonight.
4. I think it will rain.
5. I am sure you will pass your driving test
6. It'll probably be OK.
7. Perhaps it will snow tomorrow
8. It is (more than) likely that the votes will have to be counted again.
9. There's little/not much prospect that this war will be over soon.

will

Future facts.

Decisions made at the moment of speaking.

Offers at the time of speaking.

Promises.

1. There will be strong winds tomorrow in the south of the country.
2. The year 2025 will be the four-hundredth anniversary of the founding of the university.

[a salesperson in a clothes shop is talking to a customer] A: Which size do you want? Medium or large? B: I’ll have large.

Wait. I’ll open the door for you. (offer)

1. I promise you you won’t lose your job.
2. I don't have time today, but I can assure you I will finish it tomorrow.

will

Requests

Refusals (won’t).

Arrangements which have been made in some detail.*

Will you give a presentation on the sales figures?

No, I won’t give a presentation on the sales figures.

The tour will begin at 9.30 and all visitors to the site will need to wear good walking shoes.

will

For requests we can also use would, could or can. Would and could are more polite than will and can.

For refusals, we can also use couldn't or can't. Couldn't is more polite than won't and can't.

No, I couldn't/can't give a presentation on the sales figures.

Would/Could/Can you give a presentation on the sales figures?

review 1

1. Philipp will be 2. They are going to 3. I think my mother will 4. Paul's sister is going to have a baby. 5. They will arrive 6. Just a moment. I will 7. In 2025 people will 8. Marvin is going to throw a party next week. 9. We are going to fly to Venice in June. 10. Look at the clouds! It is going to rain soon.

1. Philipp will be be15 next Wednesday. 2. They are going to get a new computer. 3. I think my mother will like like this CD. 4. Paul's sister is going to have a baby. 5. They will arrive arrive at about 4 in the afternoon. 6. Just a moment. I will help help you with the bags. 7. In 2025 people will buybuy buy more hybrid cars. 8. Marvin is going to throw a party next week. 9. We are going to fly to Venice in June. 10. Look at the clouds! It is going to rain soon.

Present continuous

I’m meeting Fiona on Friday to discuss.

Fixed plans or arrangements, especially social and travel arrangements. It generally indicates that something has been agreed with someone else

Intentions.

I’m asking for a pay rise tomorrow.

WATCH OUT! Both be going to and present continuous can be used for intentions. However, present continuous is not usually used for intentions in the distant future.

Present simple

Fixed future events (e.g. timetables and schedules). A scheduled or arranged event at a known time in the future.

1. The shop closes at 3 pm next Saturday.
2. My flight leaves at 11.30 this morning.
3. The university term starts at the beginning of October.

Future perfect simple

Completed situations before a certain time.

Continuing situations up to a certain time.

It looks as if Jake will have lost his job by the end of the week.

This time next month, I’ll have worked at the company for exactly 25 years.

Future perfect continuous

Continuing situations up to a certain time (emphasises duration).

This time next month, I’ll have been working at the company for exactly 25 years.

Future perfect continuous

Situations in progress at a certain time in the future.

Situations which will happen in the future in the normal course of events.

Habits or repeated actions at a point in the future

To appear very polite

This time next week, I’ll be travelling round Russia on business

The company Chairperson will be arriving on Thursday.

I think that, in the future, more and more people will be commuting to work by plane.

Will you be needing anything to drink, Sir?

Time clauses

After many time words and phrases, such as when, while, once, as soon as, etc., we do not use will or be going to. We use:

I’ll give you a pay rise when you start working harder!

Present simple

Present continuous

Present perfect simple

Present perfect continuous

I’ll give you a pay rise once you’re bringing in three new customers a week.

I’ll give you a pay rise as soon as you’ve proved you’re a hard worker.

I won’t give you a pay rise until you’ve been working here for three years.

review

a) In twenty-four hours' time____________________ (I/relax) on my yatch. b) There's someone at the door.' That _____________________(be) the postman.' c) By the time you get back Harry _____________________ (leave). d) It's only a short trip. I _____________________ (be) back in an hour. e) What_____________________ (you/do) this Saturday evening? Would you like to go out? f) By the end of the week we _____________________ (decide) what to do. g) It_____________________ (not/be) long before Doctor Smith is here. h) We'll go to the park when you _____________________ (finish) your tea. i) It's very hot in here. I think I _____________________ (faint). j) What_____________________ (you/give) Ann for her birthday? Have you decided yet?

Other ways to express the future

1. be + full infinitive We use be + full infinitive to talk about events in the future. It's quite formal and is often used by journalists.

1. The prime minister is to open a new factory.(for formal announcements)
2. The motorway is to shut for maintenance.
3. The actor is to be awarded for his services to theatre.
4. Work is to begin this week on the new bridge across the Nile north of Aswan

Other ways to express the future

1. be + full infinitiveWe often use be to + infinitive in the if-clause in conditional sentences when talking about preconditions for something to happen.

1. If we are to catch that train, we shall have to leave now.
2. If I were to increase my offer from five hundred to five hundred and fifty pounds, would you be interested in selling me your car then?
3. If we are to solve the world's pollution problems, we must address environmental issues now.

Other ways to express the future

Be to + passive infinitive is often used when giving instructions. It is noticeable always on medicine bottles and can be seen on other official notices too:

1. To be taken three times a day after meals.
2. These benches are not to be removed from the changing rooms.
3. No food of any kind is to be taken into the examination room.

Other ways to express the future

2. be due + full infinitive We use be due + full infinitive to talk about scheduled events.

1. Ling's train is due to arrive at 9:37.
2. Jayeesh's parents are due to leave this evening.
3. Ivana's exam's due to finish at noon.

Other ways to express the future

3. be + sure / bound + full infinitiveWe use be + sure / bound + full infinitive to talk about a future event we are confident will happen

1. João's sure to be late. He always is.
2. Lenu was bound to win. She's so much better at tennis than Carmela.
3. It's bound to rain tomorrow. It always does when we have a picnic.

Other ways to express the future

4. present tense with a future meaning.We often use a present tense with a future meaning after verbs such as hope, plan, aim, intend, want and propose. The verb that follows is in the infinitive

1. Ela hopes to finish her studies and find a job next year.
2. Kate intends to buy a house after saving for a few years.
3. Sam plans to live abroad.

Other ways to express the future

5.to be (just) about to (used for the (very) near future)

Turn off the gas – the soup is about to boil over. Come on! The film’s about to start! It is sometimes used with just following the be word to give even more immediacy. Quick, jump in! The train is (just) about to leave.

Other ways to express the future

6. We use on the verge of / on the brink of for events that are going to happen very soon. These phrases are followed by nouns or gerunds (words made from verb + ing which act as a noun).

1. She is on the point of bursting into tears.
2. Researchers are on the verge of a breakthrough.
3. The volcano was on the verge of erupting.
4. The minister was on the brink of resigning.
5. The countries were on the verge of war.

Other ways to express the future

7. We use the continuous phrases be planning to do something, be aiming to do something, be thinking of doing something to talk about plans

1. Kevin is planning to walk across America
2. He's aiming to do it in less than 100 days
3. I am thinking of taking up French

Other ways to express the future

8. to be bound/certain/likely/unlikely to (to express certainty/possibility)

1. It's bound to be sunny again tomorrow.
2. They are certain to agree.

1. It’s likely that just in a few years we will change our economic model.
2. It’s unlikely that the police had anything to do about it.
3. It’s likely that just in a few years we will change our economic model.
4. It’s unlikely that the police had anything to do about it.

Other ways to express the future

8. to be bound/certain/likely/unlikely to (to express certainty/possibility)

• As likely and unlikely are adjectives, we can use them in comparative or superlative forms, or after quite, very, etc.

1. Stubborn children are more likely to become successful.
2. They are the most likely to win the World Cup.
3. It‘s very unlikely that he’ll be sent to prison.

Other ways to express the future

9.Definitely/probably _ We use definitely and probably before the main verb and after the auxiliary verb (if there is one) in affirmative sentences.

1. You’ll definitely get the job. Nobody’s got your qualifications and experience.
2. He’s probably our best player.

And definitely and probably go before the auxiliary verb in negative sentences.They probably won’t find any evidence.

1. She definitely isn’t seeing anyone right now.

But if we don’t use short forms, definitely and probably go after the auxiliary verb and before not.

1. They will probably not find any evidence.
2. She is definitely not seeing anyone right now.

8. to be bound/certain/likely/unlikely to (to express certainty/possibility)

Other ways to express the future

review 3 CaE use of english part 2

1. The mayors will ______ seeing the appointed prime-minister tomorrow. 2. It’s very hot in here. I think I am ______ to faint. 3. My flight is bound to be late, although it’s ______ at 9.00. 4. A complete ban on certain advertising in the EU is ______ come into effect at midnight tonight. 5. You won’t find many species left in the wild, ______ you? 6. I knew you ______ win the race because you have trained a lot. 7. They won’t fix his mobile ______ he shows them the receipt as proof of purchase. 8. ______ it comes down to it, the problems we are facing these days will not change.

1. The mayors will __BE__ 2. It’s very hot in here. I think I am_GOING__ 3. My flight is bound to be late, although it’s __DUE_ 4. A complete ban on certain advertising in the EU is __TO _. 5. You won’t find many species left in the wild, _WILL_ 6. I knew you _WOULD_ 7. They won’t fix his mobile _UNTIL_ 8. _WHEN__

review 3 CaE use of english part 4

1. When is the ferry due to arrive? SUPPOSED What time is the ferry supposed to 2. I don’t suppose you have heard the news. WON’T You won’t have heard 3. Archaeologists are on the point of making an important breakthrough. ABOUT Archaeologists are about to make an

1. When is the ferry due to arrive? SUPPOSED What ________________ get there? 2. I don’t suppose you have heard the news. WON’T You _____________ the news. 3. Archaeologists are on the point of making an important breakthrough. ABOUT Archaeologists are ________ important breakthrough.

review 3 CaE use of english part 4

4. If nothing is done to combat climate change, large areas will soon be underwater. STEPS Large areas will soon be underwater ____________________ counteract climate change. 5. We started building our house in June, and it’s now November. BEEN By December, we ___________________ our house for six months. 6. I’ll still be working on my website when you leave. NOT By the time you leave, I ____________________ working on my website.

4. If nothing is done to combat climate change, large areas will soon be underwater. STEPS Large areas will soon be underwater unless / if no steps are taken to 5. We started building our house in June, and it’s now November. BEEN By December, we will have been building 6. I’ll still be working on my website when you leave. NOT By the time you leave, I will not have finished