English 4th Project

English - 4th Term Project

Hi! Welcome to my study guide that's also my 4th term project. I promise is worth it :3

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Name Alejandra Yaretzi Becerra González 313

Units

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Unit 1: Present simple and present continuous

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Unit 2:Reported speech, gerund and infinitive

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Unit 3:Articles, pronuons and quantifiers

Unit 1

Present simple and present continuous

Complementary video

1. UNIT SUMMARY

What´s the difference between them?

In English grammar, the present simple and present continuous tenses are fundamental, they are used to convey actions or states in relation to the present moment. Each tense serves distinct purposes and is employed based on the nature of the action or situation being described.

Practice / activity

Conclusion

+ info

Unit 1

Formulas for each tense

Present continuous

Present simple

Affirmative: Subject + Base Form of Verb (+ Object)

Affirmative: Subject + Present Tense of "to be" (am/are/is) + Present Participle (verb + -ing)

He plays the piano

They are playing in the garden

Negative: Subject + Do/Does + Not + Base Form of Verb (+ Object)

Negative: Subject + Present Tense of "to be" (am/are/is) + Not + Present Participle

He does not play the piano

They are not playing in the garden

Question: (Wh-/How) + Do/Does + Subject + Base Form of Verb (+ Object)?

Question: Present Tense of "to be" (am/are/is) + Subject + Present Participle

Does he play de piano?

TAre they playing in the garden?

Unit 1

Conclusion

2.

1.

Present continuous usage It is used to describe actions happening at the moment of speaking or around the current time

Present simple usage It is used to express general truths, habitual actions, and permanent states

He is working on the project now

He does not play video games

4.

Key points for present continuous Main verbs take the present participle form (verb + ing)

3.

Key points for present simple Time expressions such as "always," "usually," "sometimes," and "every day" often accompany present simple tense

Subject + Present Tense of "to be" + Present Participle (verb + ing)

Subject + Base Form of Verb (+ Object)

Unit 2

Reported speech, gerund and infinitive

Complementary video

2. UNIT SUMMARY

What is indirect speech?

Indirect speech it is used to paraphrase someone else's words without quoting them. Indirect speech involves expressing the content of the original statement.

Gerund and infinitive

Gerund (ing) and infinitive (base form) are verb forms. Understanding when to use gerunds and infinitives enhances communication and overall language proficiency.

Practice / activity

Conclusion

+ info

Unit 2

Practice + examples

Gerund and infinitive

Reported speech

Gerund:

Backshifting: Generally, there is a backshift in time when reporting speech.

• Present Simple → Past Simple
• Present Continuous → Past Continuous
• Present Perfect → Past Perfect
• Future (will) → Conditional (would)

Infinitive:

Swimming is great exercise

I want to learn Italian

Examples: Direct speech: I am studying for the exam Indifrect speech: She said that she was studying for the exam Direct speech: I will come to the party Indifrect speech: She said that she would come to the party

Unit 2

Conclusion

2.

1.

Change of __tense to __tense .

Backshifting It involves transforming pronouns, verb tenses, etc to accurately portrait someone else's words

Examples are the key

"say", "tell", "ask", "mention", "explain" are common verbs

4.

Infinitive Infinitive is the base form of a verb often preceded by "to"

3.

Gerund Is the -ing form of a verb used as a noun. It represents an action or an activity.

To + Base Form of the Verb

• He likes to sleep

Gerund (Verb + -ing)

• Reading helps with vocabulary

Unit 3

Articles, pronuons and quantifiers

Complementary video

3. UNIT SUMMARY

Here we talk about lots of thing really, it's a lot... have fun

With Genially templates, you can include visual resources to engage the class from minute one. You can also highlight key content to facilitate its assimilation and even embed external content that surprises and provides more context to the topic: videos, photos, audios...Whatever you want!

Practice / activity

Conclusion

+ info

Unit 3

Practice - Lots of examples

+ info

Pronouns - Reflexive pronouns

Pronouns that refer to the subject of a sentence. They are used to indicate that the action of the verb is directed back at the subject.

• Myself
• Yourself
• Himself

• Herself
• Itself
• Ourselves

• Yourselves (plural)
• Themselves

+ info

quantifiers

Quantifiers provide information about the amount or frequency of something and help you to be more specific. (I'm gonna mention mostly the ones that are giving me a hard time)

• Use "much" with uncountable nouns and "many" with countable nouns
• "Some" is a versatile quantifier used with both countable and uncountable nouns
• "A lot" implies a large amount, while "little" and "few" imply a small amount

+ info

Articles

There are two types of articles: definite (the) and indefinite (a, an)

• "A" it's used before words that begin with a consonant sound
• "An" it's used before words that begin with a vowel sound

Even more complementary videos

• Some and any
• https://youtu.be/Cazik1WGsco?si=Nq_PDz_NLYD0DOQO

• Articles (a, an ,the)
• https://youtu.be/cvwhip4dw3Y?si=nlaGlFpG2KOwb5Fw
• Much, Many, and Other Quantifiers
• https://www.youtube.com/live/3yLmL-yFFus?si=DChmrz4KMdetsX6E

Examples

• I cut myself while flipping my notebook
• She taught herself how to play the piano
• The cat groomed itself
• We congratulated ourselves on finishing the semester
• They enjoyed themselves at the party

Important!!!

Understanding how to change the pronouns, verb tenses, and other elements is essential for mastering the use of indirect speech. BTW indirect speech = reported speech

wHEN TO CHOOSE EACH ONE

Choosing between them is a very important thing to know so, these are key factors to decide which one:

• Use the present simple for routines, facts, and permanent states.
• Use the present continuous for actions in progress, temporary situations, and future plans.

Example

• Many people attended the concert.
• There are few opportunities like this

• Can I have some sugar for my coffee?

• None of the guests arrived on time for the party

• Do you have any plans for the weekend?
• We bought a lot of groceries

• There is little time left to finish the project

eXAMPLES

• He bought a new phone yesterday
• I need to grab a pen before the meeting
• She is wearing a beautiful dress
• He is an actor at SW company
• I have an idea for a new product
• She needs an hour to get ready
• Please pass me the salt
• Can you turn off the lights?