Bridges

Introduction

PLAY

BUILD

Toy bridge

DRAW

Introduction

1- Groups

Six groups of 3/4 students

Introduction

2- Journal

1 Go to Drive 2 Create a new Document 3 Rename it 4 Share

Create Doc & Share

Investigate

Why do we build bridges? What are some type of bridges?

What is it?

Bridge is not a construction but it is a concept, the concept of connecting two points by reducing the distance between them. The bridge provides passage over the obstacle of small caverns, a valley, road, body of water, or other physical obstacle.

The beginning

The first bridges appeared in nature by themselves. A log could fall across a stream and form a natural bridge or stones could fall into a river from a nearby cliff. When humans started building bridges, they built them in simple form out of cut wooden logs or stones, with a simple support. One of the oldest arch bridges in existence is Arkadiko Bridge in the Peloponnese, Greece. It dates from 13th century BC.

The Romans

Ancient Romans were the greatest bridge builders of ancient times. They built arch bridges and aqueducts some of which still stand today. They also used cement which consisted of water, sand and volcanic rock. Some of their most beautiful bridges were built over rivers where no rock or island emerges from the water to carry the piers.

400 BC

India

Indians also built bridges, which is documented in their ancient text the Arthashastra which was written between 4th and 3rd century BC. They used plaited bamboo and iron chain as materials.

16th century

Peru

Inca civilization used rope bridges, a simple type of suspension bridge. In the movie the Temple of Doom, you can see Indiana Jones crossing over one of these type of bridges

1779

Industrial Revolution

With Industrial Revolution many different types of bridge appear and became possible because of technological advancements. Steel, with its higher strength, which replaces the iron and allows for much larger bridges

Activity:

Bridge Research

1. Choose a bridge from the website
2. Find facts about it
3. Find a picture
4. Make a simple report about it in your shared doc
5. Follow the example given

Explore

Bridge Parts

Bridges have two main parts:

• Superstructure: It is the upper portion of the bridge where you drive or walk

• Substructure: is under the superstructure and supports all the bridge

Bridge materials

Concrete

Most of the modern bridge construction make use of concrete as the primary material. Concrete is made up of cement, air, water, sand, and gravel. It is possible to build the parts separatedly and then put them together

Bridge materials

Steel

Steel is very strong when compared with any other material. This is perfect for the construction of longer bridges. Steel is a combination of iron and carbon. The first iron bridge, Danjobashi Bridge which was built in 1878 in Japan.

Bridge materials

Stone

When considering the history of bridge construction with stones, the Romans were the greatest. They had a clear idea of the shape of the bridge as well as the materials. This made them construct very long bridges. Most of them had the form of arches, like this one in Cangas de Onís, Asturias

Bridge materials

Wood

The wood material was used a lot in the construction of bridges in the past. Nowadays is not that common. Wood has a great advantage, which is that it is renewable and can be obtained easily from nature. Also, they are very light which makes their transporation easily.

Chapel bridge, Switzerland

Copy and answer the questions in your shared document

Questions

1 Name the parts of the bridge 2 Modern bridges are made of _________ 3 Name one characteristic of steel 4 Most Roman bridges had __________ 5 What makes wood a great material?

Develop

Drawing a Bridge

Examples of decks (base)

Reinforcements

Examples of truss (sides)

Add the measurements to the picture in centimeters and in popsicle sticks--Length - Width - Height

3 sticks = 33 cm

1 stick = 11 cm

Building TimeWhat materials do I need for the bridge?

Make a rough prediction of the sticks you may need

1 Coordinates 2 Let's play Battleship 3 Wanna play with a friend?

1 Go to Sratch 2 Sign in 3 Complete your data 4 Change your password

What's coding?

1 Choose a CHARACTER (Sprite) 2 Choose a BACKGROUND 3 Make it jump

1 Choose an OBSTACLE (Sprite) 2 Place it on the RIGHT side and select 3 Place it on the LEFT side and select 4 Make more obstacles coming (REPEAT) and change the TIME

1 Stop the game when the OBSTACLE touches the CHARACTER 2 Set your CHARACTER to start always in the same position

1 Duplicate the OBSTACLE 2 Set the 2nd OBSTACLE to wait one second and to SHOW and HIDE

1 Make a VARIABLE called Score 2 Set the score back to 0

1 Change the SIZE of your CHARACTER and OBSTACLES 2 Make GLIDE faster

1 Change COSTUMES 2 Add SOUND to the BACKGROUND

Code

Obstacle

Character

1 Go to your project

2 Fill in the innstructions and credits

3 Click on share

What can you do?

1 Make the Game Controller 2 Set the alligator cables 3 Play!

Conductive Materials

1 Open your Document and click on SHARE-> Top right corner 2 Click on General Access and change from "Restricted" to "Conserjería de Educación" 3 Write the email of your teammates and then click on SEND

Create a Document and Share it with your group 1) Go to Drive 2) Click on "New" Google Doc 3) Add a name :