20. Antic Egipte

L'aNTIC eGIPTE

LES PRIMERES CIVILITZACIONS FLUVIALS

Egipte: El seu origen i la vida al riu nil.

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lA SITUACIÓ GEOGRÀFICA DE L'EGIPTE ANTIC

La civilització egípcia es va desenvolupar al voltant del riu NIL. Estava dividida en dues zones:

• EL DELTA O BAIX EGIPTE (al nord). Capital a Memfis
• LA VALL O ALT EGIPTE (al sud). Capital a Tebes

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Etapes de la història d'egipte

Imperi nou (1580 – 31 aC)

Imperi antic (3100– 2050 aC)

Imperi mitjà (2050 -1580 aC)

• Egipte s’expandeix cap al sud conquerint Núbia i cap a l’oest i l’est.
• Es produeix una invasió de pobles estrangers.
• Destaca el faraó Mentuhotep II )

• Els faraons són com déus i tenen el poder polític i religiós.
• Es construeixen les piràmides de Gizeh: (Keops, Kefren i Micerí)

• És una època d'esplendor.
• Conquista Líbia i Síria.
• Destaquen els faraons
• Akhenaton, Tutankamon i Ramsés II

Una societat jerarquitzada

el poder absolut del faraó

• El faraó exercia tots els poders (governava el país, dictava les lleis, controlava l'exèrcit i posseïa gran part de les terres).
• Era considerat un déu.
• Vivia en palaus envoltat de riquesa i servents.
• El poder es cedia hereditàriament (dinasties).

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la vida a egipte

agriculturai ramaderia

artesania

comerç

Importaven (esclaus, fusta, metalls...) exportaven (teixits, cereals, papirs, ...)

Elaboraven joies, ceràmica, metal·lúrgia i teixits.

Cultivaven cereals i lli. També criaven vaques, cabres i aus domèstiques.

No utilitzaven monedes, practicaven la permuta o barata, canviaven uns productes per altres.

Els egipcis vivien en ciutats constituïdes per habitatges, palaus, temples i tallers.

Eren politeistes, creien en nombrosos déus.

Creien que per a mantenir l’equilibri de l’univers havien de fer ritus religiosos: oracions, ofrenes...

La Religió a l'Antic Egipte

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• El temple era la casa del déu, on es guardava la seua estàtua i se li feia el culte.
• Els sacerdots eren els que interpretaven la voluntat dels déus, li feien ofrenes i processons

Temple de Karnak

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El judici d'Osiris

• Creien en la vida després de la mort.
• Pensaven que per a poder viure en el més enllà es sotmetien al judici d’Osiris on es pesava la seua ànima i si estava plena de bones accions podria viure tota l’eternitat.

La vida després de la mort

• Per a viure la segona vida necessitaven el seu cos, així que els momificaven per a conservar-lo.

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TIPUS DE TOMBES

mASTABA

PIRÀMIDE

Hipogeu

Tomba de l’imperi antic amb xarxa de passadissos i trampes.

Tomba subterrània amb entrada camuflada.

Tomba més antiga i amb forma de prisma

La tomba de tutankamon. Vídeo, pÀG. 213.

L'art egípci

Escultura

Pintura

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