NATURALES - PRESENTACIÓN UNIT 3
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Created on December 27, 2023
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Transcript
UNIT 3
Natural Science
Start
What is geology?
3- Rocks
1- Geosphere's layers
4- Minerals
2- Earth's relief
0- Rocks and minerals quizz
Index
Can you name any of these rocks and minerals?
How do we separate the layers of the Geosphere?
- Crust
- Top of the mantle
Let's learn about the Layers of the Earth!
- Crust
- Mantle
- Outer core
- Inner core
It is the solid outer part that includes:
It is the solid part of the Earth. It is made up of four layers:
Lithosphere
Geosphere
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Inner core
Outer core
Mantle
Crust
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Let's learn about the Layers of the Earth!
How is the Earth's relief formed and shaped?
Let's learn about geological processes!
Geological processes are changes on the Earth's surface which have taken million of years for us to notice or have occurred much more quickly.We can see these changes on the Earth's relief through the shapping of Landforms.
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Deposition
Let's learn about geological processes!
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Plate tectonics
Volcanism
Erosion
Weathering
When plates separate, valleys and ridges are often formed as lava is flows upwards.
Plate tectonics
As plates collide, one plate will push itself on top of another plate causing: mountains and volcanos.
The Earth's lithosphere is divided into huge plates. Underneath, the layer of magma in the Earth's mantle is constantly moving.
Plate tectonics
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Volcanism
It is the discharge of lava, molten rock, hot water or steam through the crust of the Earth forming volcanoes.
Volcanism
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Weathering
It is caused when rocks are broken down into small pieces. It can be caused by water, air, chemicals, plants or animals.
Weathering
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Erosion
It is the movement of rocks by natural forces, such as ice, water or air. For example, glaciers move rocks and matter from mountains.
Erosion
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Deposition
It is the geological process in which sediments, soil and rocks are added to a landform. By depositing sediments rivers can create deltas.
Deposition
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Why are rocks important?
MARBLE is made up of only one mineral.
GRANITE is made up of three different minerals.
How many minerals are they made up of?
The lithosphere is made up of rocks. Rocks are made up of minerals.
Let's learn about rocks!
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Let's learn about rocks!
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Sedimentary rocks
Igneous rocks
Metamorphic rocks
Shale
Sandstone
limestone
Sedimentary rocks
They are formed by sediments that are carried by rivers and settle at the bottom of lakes, seas and oceans. These sediments are compressed, solidify and become rocks.
Pumice
Granite
Basalt
Igneous rocks
They are formed by the magma in the Earth's mantle. When magma come to the surface through volcanic eruptions, it cools and forms igneous rocks.
Slate
Quartzite
Marble
Metamorphic rocks
They are originally sedimentary or igneous rocks. These rocks are transformed over time by heat and pressure below the Eartth's surface.
Let's learn about rocks!
How do we use rocks?
Rocks are an important part of daily live. We use them in all types of things.
How do we measure and use minerals?
We can classify minerals by observing some of their characteristics.
Let's classify minerals!
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Hardness
Cleavage and fracture
Lustre
Colour
Rhodonite is always pink
Quartz can occur in different colours
Azurite is always blue
Colour
Minerals occur in many different colour. Some minerlas always have the same colour, while others can occur in different colours.
Jade has a waxy lustre
Kaolinite has a dull lustre
Pyrite has a metalic lustre
Quartz has a vitreous lustre
Lustre
Lustre mean shininess. We can classify minerals depending on how shiny or dull they are.
In magnetite we can observe fracture
In quartz we can observe fracture
Fracture occurs when the surface is more uneven.
In feldspar we can observe cleavage
In muscovite we can observe cleavage
Cleavage and fracture
Cleavage occurs when crystals break into different parts with flat surfaces.
Hardness
The hardness of a mineral is how difficult it is to scratch it. We use the Mohs scale to measure the hardness of a mineral.
How do we use minerals?
We use minerals in computers, smatphones, lightbulbs, watches, toasters and even coins.
Thank you!
Inner core
It is the centre of the Earth.The inner core is the hottest part.
Structure of the Earth
The Layers of the Earth Song
Anthracite
Mariposite
Gneiss
Crust
It is the top layer of the geosphere.It is the thinnest layer.The crust is solid and forms the continents and ocean floor.
- The Earth's crust is constantly changing because of the movement of magma, wind and water.