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MODAL VERBS PRESENTATION
inmavazquez
Created on December 22, 2023
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Transcript
MODAL VERBS & MODAL PERFECTS
@inmavv
Remember: they are always followed by INFINITIVE.
Index
1 ABILITY: CAN, BE ABLE TO , COULD
2. CAN, COULD, BE ABLE TO
3. OBLIGATION: MUST, HAVE TO, NEED TO
4. LACK OF OBLIGATION: DON'T HAVE TO, NEEDN'T
5. PROHIBITION: MUSTN'T, NOT ALLOWED TO
6. SPECULATION, POSSIBILITY IN THE PRESENT: MUST, MAY, MIGHT, CAN'T, COULD
7. MODAL PERFECTS: SPECULATION, POSSIBILITY IN THE PAST
8. MODAL PERFECTS
1. ABILITY: CAN, BE ABLE TO, COULD
CAN/ CAN'T: used to express a present ability
"I can swim very fast."
COULD / COULDN'T: used to express an ability in the past
She can cook super well"
"He can speak English very fluently"
"I could swim when I was 5 years old" "My dad couldn't walk when he was 80 years old"
BE ABLE TO : used to express ability in different tenses (past, future...)
**Mainly a single action not a continuous ability** "I was able to solve the problem" "My dad wasn't able to open the door yesterday, it was broken" "I will be able to fix my bike once I have all I need ."
2. ADVICE: SHOULD, OUGHT TO
SHOULD /SHOULDN'T: used to express something that we consider right or wrong
"She should cut her hair, she would look better" "You shouldn't wear those jeans, they are very big for you."
OUGHT TO : it can be used as SHOULD but it is more formal.
**Mainly in affirmative sentences*"She ought to cut her hair, she would look better."
3. OBLIGATION: MUST, HAVE TO, NEED TO
MUST, HAVE TO, NEED TO: they are used to express something that is necessary or obligatory.
*There is a slight difference between MUST and HAVE TO: Must: is used to express an internal obligation "I must study harder" Have to: is used to express an external obligation "He has to wear a uniform"
"He must study harder" "I have to wear a uniform" "You must be quiet in class" "I need to get up earlier this week"
To talk about something that was necessary or an obligation in the past we use HAD TO
"I had to wear a uniform when I was at school." "I had to be at home early when I was a teenager."
4. LACK OF OBLIGATION: DON'T HAVE TO, NEEDN'T
DON'T HAVE TO and NEEDN'T: they are used to express something that is NOT necessary, you can do it if you want to, but you don't have the obligation.
"You don't have to bring milk, we have a lot of bottles." "My mum doesn't have to pick me up, I can go walking". "You needn't worry about me. I'll be fine."
5. PROHIBITION: MUSTN'T, TO BE NOT ALLOWED TO
MUSTN'T and TO BE NOT ALLOWED TO: they are used to express something that is forbidden
"You mustn't smoke in a hospital" "You are not allowed to use your mobile phone at school"
6. SPECULATION, POSSIBILITY IN THE PRESENT
could: a strong possibility may: a probability might: a weak possibility
can't: certainty that something is not true
must: certainty that something is true
"I am sure this could be good for you, you will have more jobs opportunities." "She hasn't come to school today, she may be sick." "It might rain tomorrow, who knows!"
"He can't be ill, he has been dancing all night!"
"He must be at home, all the lights are on."
7. MODAL PERFECTS
(SPECULATION, POSSIBILITY IN THE PAST)
- must+have+past participle: very sure something was true
"He must have felt disappointed when he didn't win the competition "
- could+have+pp: a strong possibility in the past may+have+pp : a probability in the past might+have+pp: a weak possibility in the past
"She is here. She could have not received your message about the party." "He didn't come to school yesterday, he may have been sick." "It might have left my wallet at the station, who knows!"
- can't+have+pp: very sure something was not true
"It can't have been Jack, he was with me all the morning!"
8. MODAL PERFECTS
- should/shouldn't + have + past participle:
"If you wanted to go to that concert, you ought have bought the tickets before."
- ought to +have+past participle: