2. Modal verbs & Similar expressions. Review

English Session

Modals & Similar Expressions

Modal verbs & Similar Expressions

1.

Functions & Forms

Social Functions

Social Functions

Social functions include:

Ability or Possibility

Advice

- Ability or Possibility - Advice - Necessity - Prohibition

should - ought to had better.

can - could be able to.

Prohibition

Necessity

have to - have got to must

must not - can't

Social Functions: Examples

Ability & Possibility

He can learn to use it He's able to learn quickly

Advice

She should join Facebook You'd better not give your home address

Necessity

You have to register to use this site You must create a strong password

Prohibition

You must not give anyone your password Children under thirteen can't join

Modal verbs & Similar Expressions

2.

Functions & Forms

Logial Possibilities

Logical Possibilities

Logical possibilities include:

Conclutions

may - might - could must - have to - can't

- Conclutions - Future possibility

Future possibility

may - might could.

Logical Possibilities: Examples

Conclutions

It could be the best site There must be other good sites

Future Possibility

I may join Sean might join, too

Modal Verbs

Social Functions:

Ability or Possibility

Ability or Possibility

Can - Could - Be able to

Present ability or Possibility

She can speak French She wasn't able to speak English She is going to be able to attend next semester

can - be able to

Past ability or Possibility

could - was/were able to

Future ability or Possibility

can will /be going to be able to

Modal Verbs

Social Functions:

Advice

Advice

Should - Ought to - Had better

Should normal, more common, to ask for advice

You should watch Survivor tonight Should I join Instagram?

Ought to formal way of should, less common

Terri ought to watch it, too. You ought to use the seatbelt

Had better for urgent advice

You'd better spend less time online or your grades will go down

Modal Verbs

Social Functions:

Necessity

Necessity

Have to - Have got to - Must

Have to formal way in writing and conversation

I have to get a new email address

Have got to in conversation & informal writing

You've got to see this cartoon! It's really funny!

Must in conversation and writing: forms, signs & manuals

You must be at least thirteen years old to join

Modal Verbs

Social Functions:

Prohibition

Prohibition

Must not - Can't / Cannot

Can't things that are against the rules or law.

You can't leave yet. The test isn't over. We can't do that.

Must not less common, formal way.

They must not stay up past 10:00. We must not do that.

Thanks!