PHYSICAL VIBRANT TIMELINE

MOTION OF THE PLANETS AROUND THE SUN

and some of the most famous physicists and astronomers

01

05

03

THYCO BRAHE

EUDOXIUS OF CNIDUS

ARISTARCHUS OF SAMOS

1600

4th c. B.C.

3th c. A.D.

2th c. A.D.

1500.

02

04

CLAUDIUS pTOLEMY

NICHOLAS COPERNICUS

08

06

The journey from the geocentric to the heliocentric model was a long and tortuous one. It was the collection of empirical evidence along with mathematical applications in conjunction with insightful deep-thinking minds that finally replaced the geocentric model with the heliocentric one.

isaacNEWTON

JOHAN KEPLER

1700

1600

1600

07

GALILEO GALILEI

EUDOXIUS OF CNIDUS

• He was a matematician and an astronomer
• Geocentric model
• The Earth is at the centre of the universe and that the stars and planets rotate around it with uniform circular motions

CLAUDIUS PTOLEMY

• Astronomer from Alexandria in Egypt
• He describes the motion of clestial bodies in a Really precises way
• Geocentric model
• He use epicycles to explain his theory
• The Almagest

ARISTARCHUS OF SAMOS

• One of the first proponents of a heliocentric system
• The Sun is the center of the Universe

• The Earth and other planets rotates around it
• He accurately measured the sizes and distances of the Sun, the Moon and olso the Earth

NICHOLAS COPERNICUS

• 1543 → De revolutionibus orbium coelestium
• It's an heliocentric model (Copernican)
• 3 principles

1. The Sun is at the center of the solar system.
2. The Earth and other planets move in circular orbits around the Sun.
3. The apparent retrograde motion of planets is explained by the Earth's motion around the Sun.

• His theory wasn't accepted by church so he was banned

THYCO BRAHE

• Geocentric model
• The Sun revolves around the Earth
• The planets rotates around the Sun
• he had the best instruments available, so he catalogued in a really precise way a lot of stars, even a Supernova

JOHAN KEPLER

• Brahe's assistant
• heliocentric
• elliptical orbits rather than circular
• Kepler's laws are three laws relating to the motion of the planets around the Sun, formulated between 1608 and 1619, which quantitatively describe the motion of the planets.

GALILEO GALILEI

• Consolidation of the heliocentric model
• In 1632 Galilei published the Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems
• Sustain the Copernican cause
• The most important invention attributed to Galileo turns out to be the telescope
• He was condemned by the Church as a heretic

ISAAC NEWTON

• He studied the motion of objects on Earth and of natural satellites in the night sky
• Three laws of motion and a law of universal gravitation
• He linked universal gravitation to Kepler’s laws of planetary motion
• Isaac Newton discovered the force of gravity thanks to an apple.
• With Newton we all know that the heliocentric model of the Solar System was finally accepted by the scientific community.