Timeline CLIL

Inama Lorenzo,Mariotti asia, martinolli giulia

3 CENTURY B.C.

1571-1630 B.C.

1642-1727

4 CENTURY B.C.

II century A.D.

1543 B.C.

1546-1601 B.C.

1564-1642 B.C.

Nicholas Copernicus (1473-1543)

Johann Kepler

Galileo Galilei

Sir Isaac Newton

Eudoxus of Cnidus

Aristarchus of Samos

Claudius Ptolemy

Dane Tycho Brahe

He was a follower of the Copernican model

In 1632 published the Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems

He studied the motion of objects on Earth and a law of universal gravitation

De revolutionibus orbium coelestium a heliocentric model

geocentric model

The Sun is stationary at the center of Uniiverse and the planets, Earth included, revolve around it.

The Amalgest

He proposed a model with the Sun revolving around the Earth and the planets orbiting the Sun.

The geocentric model is the oldest and also the most intuitive cosmological model. Formulated for the first time by he, the geocentric model places the Earth at the center of the Universe while the stars and planets rotate around it with uniform circular movements.

The most elaborate version of the geocentric model is by him, the astronomer of Alexandria of Egypt who wrote the Almagest, a treatise intended to dominate astronomical studies for nearly 1500 years. The Ptolemaic model describes the motions of celestial bodies with an accuracy comparable to that of astronomical measurements made with the naked eye, without the use of optical instruments. In order to explain the irregular motions of the planets, observed from Earth, Ptolemy used epicycles: assumed that each planet rotated at constant speed on a circular path whose center in turn rotates at constant speed on another circular path centered on the Earth. By adjusting the radii of the two circles and the two speeds of rotation, even complex and apparently irregular trajectories were obtained, redeeming two fundamental principles: the Earth is at the center of the universe; the motions of the celestial bodies are composed of circular motions, the most perfect in nature.

Inama Lorenzo,Mariotti asia, martinolli giulia

The revolutionibus orbium coelestium a heliocentric model, later called Copernican, able to describe the motions of the planets with a precision comparable to that provided by the Ptolemaic system.Copernican model superior to the Ptolemaic one because it establishes the order of the planets with respect to the Sun in a natural way. The Catholic Church rejected his ideas and were taken up only in 1822.

Inama Lorenzo,Mariotti asia, martinolli giulia

He studied mathematics and astronomy at German and Swiss universities with the conclusion that the Copernican model defied the written word of God. Tycho Brahe observed the motions of stars and planets and recorded their movements. Years of observation allowed him to catalog and observe the movement of the stars, this was controversial because in that period it was thought that the stars remained stationary

Inama Lorenzo,Mariotti asia, martinolli giulia

Johannes Kepler was a prominent German mathematician, astronomer, and astrologer. He is best known for his laws of planetary motion, which significantly contributed to the understanding of the solar system. Kepler played a crucial role in the scientific revolution of the 17th century.Kepler initially worked as an assistant to the Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe. After Brahe's death, Kepler inherited a vast amount of observational data. Kepler's analysis of this data led to his formulation of three laws of planetary motion:

• Law of Ellipses
• Law of Equal Areas
• Harmonic Law (or Law of Periods)

Kepler's laws provided a solid empirical foundation for the heliocentric model of the solar system, supporting the work of Nicolaus Copernicus. Kepler's contributions laid the groundwork for Isaac Newton's later work on the laws of gravitation. Kepler's insights into celestial mechanics and planetary motion were instrumental in shaping our modern understanding of the cosmos.

Inama Lorenzo,Mariotti asia, martinolli giulia

Galileo Galilei was an Italian scientist and polymath during the Renaissance. He made significant contributions in various fields, including astronomy, physics, mathematics and philosophy. Galileo is often referred to as the "father of modern science" for his pioneering use of the scientific method and for his influential discoveries.Here are some key aspects of Galileo Galilei's life and work:

• Astronomy and telescopic discoveries
• Confirm the heliocentric model
• Law of uniform acceleration
• Studies on pendulum
• Conflict with the Catholic Church

Galileo Galilei's work laid the foundations for the scientific method and had a profound impact on the development of modern physics and astronomy. Despite the persecution for his scientific views, his contributions played a crucial role in the eventual acceptance of heliocentrism and in the advancement of empirical scientific inquiry.

Inama Lorenzo,Mariotti asia, martinolli giulia

Isaac Newton was a renowned English scientist and mathematician who made groundbreaking contributions to physics, mathematics, and astronomy. Here are some key aspects of Newton's life and work:

• Laws of Motion
• Law of Universal Gravitation
• Calculus
• Optics
• "Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica"

Newton's contributions to science and mathematics revolutionized our understanding of the physical world. His work laid the groundwork for classical mechanics, and his laws of motion and law of gravitation formed the basis for much of classical physics. Newton's Principia is considered one of the most important scientific works ever published, and his ideas had a profound impact on the development of science during the Enlightenment.