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Edward Jenner and the scientific method

Celia Espino

Created on December 19, 2023

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Transcript

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biology

scientific method folled by edward jenner

(To develop vaccines) By Celia Espino Izquierdo

start

introduction

Scientific method folled by Edward Jenner

start

what is the scientific method?

PROCESS: CHARACTERISTICS:

We identify a problem and we have a question about something we want to know.

It´s a process or method of research.

It helps finding an answer to a question .

information about the problem is gathered.

The question you have can be about anything around you in the physical world.

a hypothesis is made, wich is what you think answers your question from what you have observed before.

It´s about studying and learning things around you.

We see if the hypothesis is true by doing an experiment.

At the end we can prove or disprove if what we thought was true.

video

to have an idea: what was.... smallpox: cowpox:

Show info.

Show info.

Disease. Caused by the variola virus. The last known natural case of smallpox was reported in Somalia in 1977, It was an acute disease, contagious and dangerous. It caused death in 10% of the population. It caused fever, vomiting and fluid-filled lesions on the body. This lesions or spots develop into blisters that dry out and turno into scabs.

Disease.Similar to smallpox (it´s related to the virus that causes this disease wich is variola virus).Transmitted to humans from animals. Much more milder than smallpox (less serious and more light) Less symptoms. The vaccine of smallpox is made from cowpox wich means cowpox provides immunity to smallpox(what we are going to see later)

click on the image

edward jenner

click here, and then the box for info.

The technique of introducing material under the skin to produce protection against disease became universally known as vaccination, a word derived from the Latin name for the cow (vacca), in Jenner's honour.

introduction

process followed

James becomes infected by cowpox.

A milkmaid is infected from cowpox.

James Phipps is inyected cowpox pus from the girl.

James is inyected with particles from smallpox.

Particles of smallpox are collected from a patient with it.

James gets smallpox with hardly no symptoms and gets antibodies to not get it next time.

ask a question

test hypothesis (experiment)

observe

draw a conclusion

form a hypothesis

scientific method

observe

start

what you see:

obsevation

smallpox in milmaids:

  • First, Edward Jenner observed milkmaids that where infected with cowpox (when they had milked cows that suffered cowpox)
  • These milkmaids didn´t get smallpox. They were resistant to the disease.

ask a question

test hypothesis (experiment)

observe

draw a conclusion

form a hypothesis

scientific method

ask a question

After what you have observed, what question do you have?

continue

WHY...

why do milkmaids who have cowpox don´t get smallpox?

Play to learn what is immunity

Because of what he had observed before, he made himself this question

Why wouldn´t they die because of smallpox? Why where they immune to it after having cowpox?

ask a question

form a hypothesis

test hypothesis (experiment)

observe

draw a conclusion

scientific method

Construct hypothesis

Make a guess based on the information you already know.

continue

make a guess

hypothesis

Based on what he had seen and researched Edward Jenner´s hypothesis was: if a person gets intentionally infected with cowpox, they may become immune to smallpox

You don´t know if the hypothesis is true, it´s just a prediction.

You will have to test it with an experiment to see if it´s right.

more info

ask a question

form a hypothesis

test hypothesis (experiment)

observe

draw a conclusion

scientific method

experiment/ test

You have to test your hypothesis to see if it´s right. For this you do an experiment associated with the guess you made in yout hypothesis.

continue

is the hypothesis true?

edward jenner´s experiment

Previous Knowledge Trigger

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Continue learning about the experiment

ask a question

form a hypothesis

test hypothesis (experiment)

observe

draw a conclusion

scientific method

draw a conclusion

What can you assump after all your experiment? Was the hypothesis true?

continue

finally...

conclusion

Edward jenner´s hypothesis was correct.

  • Based on his experiment, Jenner concluded that injecting cowpox into individuals could protect them from smallpox.
  • This marked the successful development of the first vaccine.
  • The infectious disease of smallpox could be controlled and it was no more very dangerous.
  • Not so much people died beacause with the vaccine they were immune to the virus.

Thanks to him, vaccination was invented.

see

scientific method by edward jenner

Practice what you have learned!

put the steps of what edward jenner did in the correct order:

A. Do an experiment to see if cowpox did give immunity to smallpox.

B. Observe that milkmaids with cowpox were protected to smallpox.

C. Ask himself why what he had observed happened.

D. Think a possible reason for why it happened (hypothesis).

E. Make a conlcusion after the ruslt of his experiment.

check

F. Spend the rest of his life promoting his method.

Bibliography

Citations of the soruces used.

see

bibliography

CITATION OF THE SOURCES

Riedel, S. (2005, January). Edward Jenner and the history of smallpox and vaccination. Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1200696/ .

The scientific method in vaccine history. History of Vaccines RSS. (n.d.). https://historyofvaccines.org/vaccines-101/how-are-vaccines-made/scientific-method-vaccine-history

Smallpox and the story of vaccination. Science Museum. (n.d.). https://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/objects-and-stories/medicine/smallpox-and-story-vaccination

Infection and immunity. Open Learning. (n.d.). https://www.open.edu/openlearn/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=28151&section=2.7

Khan Academy. (n.d.). The scientific method (article). Khan Academy. https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/intro-to-biology/science-of-biology/a/the-science-of-biology

https://historyofvaccines.org/vaccines-101/how-are-vaccines-made/scientific-method-vaccine-history

I hope you liked it! thanks for watching

NOTE: If you are not able to distinguish the steps that Edward Jenner infolled to develop vaccines, go back to the begining of the presentacion.

home

You milk cows infected with the disease of cowpox= you get protected for when you get the disease of smallpox.

Infect a person with cowpox and then with smallpox

James Phipps

Jenner tried his experiment with this boy. What he did was:

  • 1. First, he took pus from cowpox pustules (spots) from the hand of a milkmaid that was infected.
  • 2. After, Jenner scratched James Phipps arm and rubbed the pus of cowpox in it.
  • 3. James got cowpox and recovered.
  • 4. Then, Jenner scratched his arm again and introduced pus from pustules (spots) of smallpox from a patient.
  • 5. At the end, the experiment was succesfull and James didn´t develop smallpox.
THE WORD VACCINATION
  • The technique of introducing material under the skin to produce protection against disease became universally known as vaccination.
  • Vaccination is a word derived from the Latin name for the cow (vacca), in Jenner's honour.
  • Vaccination reflects it´s origin in Jenner´s experiment.
Jenner's work represented the first scientific attempt to control an infectious disease by the use of vaccination.

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