Al-Andalus

Al-Andalus

711 A.D - 1492 A.D

756-929 A.D

929-1031 A.D

1031-1085 A.D

1085-1212 A.D

1212-1492 A.D

711-756 A.D

Dependent emirate of damascus

Independent emirate

Taifa Kingdoms

Cordoba caliphate

North African Invasions

Kingdom of Granada

The Visigothic Kingdom came to an end in 711 A.D. when the Muslims arrived on the Iberian Peninsula. Heir most glorious period being during the Córdoba Caliphate in the 10th century.

Dependent emirate of damascus

711 A.D - 756 A.D

Muslims controlled practically the whole of the Iberian Peninsula except the mountainous areas in Cantabria and the Pyrenees. Muslim dominions on the peninsula became part of the caliphate and became known as al-Andalus, whose capital was Córdoba. first few years, the Emir of al-Andalus was appointed by the North African governor or the Umayyad Caliph of Damascus himself.

Independent emirate

756 A.D - 929 A.D

Abbasid family took control of the caliphate by assassinating all the members of the Umayyad dynasty except one of their princes, Abderramán, escaped from Damascus to al-Andalus, where he managed to form an army with his followers and named himself Independent Emir of the caliphate in 756 A.D. Consequently, Emirate of al-Andalus became a politically independent state, the religious authority of the caliphs was recognised

The Córdoba Caliphate

929 A.D - 1031 A.D

the Emir of al-Andalus, Abderramán III, named himself caliph, thereby uniting political power with religious authority. Most glorious period of al-Andalus began. Christian kingdoms found it difficult to survive, those carried out by the general Almanzor. He sacked cities such as Barcelona, Pamplona, León and Santiago de Compostela.

The Taifa kingdoms

1031 A.D - 1085 A.D

Internal fighting led to the break-up of the Córdoba Caliphate in 1031, which became divided into small independent kingdoms called taifas.

The North Africa empires

1085 A.D - 1212 A.D

North African peoples, first the Almoravids and later the Almohads, invaded al-Andalus and subdued the taifa kingdoms.

The North Africa empires

1085 A.D - 1212 A.D

The Kingdom of Granada was the only Muslim kingdom on the Iberian Peninsula to exist as an independent political entity in two distinct periods in the history of al-Andalus. The Nasrid kingdom of Granada re-formed after the collapse of the Almohad Empire Founder, Muhamad I

King Boabdil hands over the keys of Granada to the Catholic Monarchs