Civil War

Civil war

Presentation

By: Dylan, Stephen, and Tanish

Start

TOc:

7. Battle of Antietam

8. Battle of Hampton Roads

9. Writ of Habeas Corpus

10. Battle of Gettysburg

1. Context

11. Battle of Vicksburg

2. Election of 1860

12. Sherman's March

3. Southern Secession

13. Appotomax

4. Fort Sumter

14. Impact of Civil War

5. 1st Battle of Bull Run

15. Reconstruction Efforts

6. Civil War Strategies

16. Closure

Timeline of civil war

Fort Sumter 1861

1st Battle of Bull Run 1861

Antietam1862

Battle of Hampton Roads1862

Gettysburg1863

Vicksburg1863

Sherman's March1864

Appomattox1865

Context:

Civil War was based on the sharp divide between issues ranging from territorial expansion to slavery.North - Abolitionists, more industralized, and more power to federal gov. South - Pro-Slavery, agricultural focus , and more power to state gov.

South felt that the North was going to abolish slavery, while the North believed the government wasn't doing enough to prevent/abolish slavery.

Election of 1860

Four Candidates: Abraham Lincoln (Republican), Stephen Douglass (Democrat), John Breckinridge (Southern Democrat), and John Bell (Constitutional Union)

• Lincoln easily won the election with a little over 40% of the electorial college votes.

Southern Secession:

South Carolina was the 1st state to secede from the Union, followed by the rest of the deep south. 11 states left to form the Confederacy of America (CSA)

Fort sumter

The Battle of Fort Sumter was the first battle of the Civil War. The president of the Confederate Government, Jefferson Davis, demanded for the Fort's surrender. For 34 hours, General P.G.T. Beaurgard opened fire on Fort Sumter, with the Union garrison being outnumbered and outgunned. Major Anderson surrendered on April 13th, 1861. After the battle, Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers to supress the rebellion, which led to even more states seceding from the Union.

1st battle of bull run

7%

+1st Major Battle

Of all troops who fought were casualties.

Both sides over 30k soldiers

+Confederate Victory

Union had upper hand at first but Confederates won due to the command of General Thomas J. "stonewall" Jackson

+ War would continue on

The battle proved that the war would not be a short one, but rather a long, grueling, deadly war.

Civil war Strategies

Overall effectiveness of each strategies ranked by effectiveness

• Northern Strategies
• Anaconda Plan
• A plan devised by Union General Winfield Scott that involved splitting the south down the Mississippi River and a blockade around the CSA.
• Blockade
• A military strategies that involves surrounding the enemy in order to prevent them gathering resources and sending resources. Used to prevent exportation of cotton.
• Southern Strategies
• King Cotton Diplomacy
• A tactic devised by the South in order to gain European support for their cause.
• Ended up failing due to Europe finding other avenues for cotton and disagreement with support slavery.

Strategies Used by Both Sides:

• Conscription
• Used by both sides, conscription was used to increase the size of the armies by forcing military age men into the army.

Battle of antietam

• Single bloodiest day battle with over 22k casualties.
• Robert E. Lee retreated because he couldn't sustain another loss of this magnitude
• Considered a Union "victory" as they stayed on the battlefield last.
• Due to the victory, Abraham Lincoln passed the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863
• Made the war about abolishing slavery, ending any kind of support from the European nations, as they also didn't support slavery

Battle of Hampton Roads

• 1st meeting of ironclad warships, a new invention during the Civil War
• Ironclad ships were smaller in size but made almost completely out of metal. This meant that they could attack the wooden vessels of each navy without sustaining high damage.
• Both sides claimed victory, even though it was a draw

Writ of habeas corpus

A key legal act to safeguard individual freedom against abused and haphazardous executive power.

I. Path for reviewing issues in actions or laws that were denied in state courts

II. If a person finds an issue within a federal law, they can claim it in a Federal Writ of Habeas Corpus.

III. This also applies at the state level, example being the Texas Writ of Habeas Corpus

• Deadliest 3-day battle of the Civil War
• 0.3% of all US males died during this battle
• Union victory and a turning point in the war
• Confederacy never went on the offensive ever again during the civil war.
• Abraham Lincoln delivered the Gettysburg Address, one of the most famous speeches that helped raise morale for the union for the rest of the war.

Battle of Gettysburg

Battle of vicksburg

Social beings

Turning point of the war

We need to interact with each other.We learn collaboratively.

Critical win for the Union, as it ensured that the Confederacy was split between the Mississippi River

Digital beings

Grant's Promotion

We avoid being part of the content saturationin the digital world.

After many decisive victories, such as Vicksburg, Grant became Supreme Commander of the Union Army in 1864.

Sherman's march

A Union march led by General Sherman

Sherman's goal was to cut off the Confederate Army's supply lines through the capturing of Savannah, Georiga. This will cripple their ability to continue the war and demoralize the Southern population.

The term "total war" was used, forces targeted not only military objectives but also civilian infrastructure.

This was a realization for the Confederate forces that they could not prevent the power of the Union's army from invading their lands

The march across Georgia demonstrated Union's great military strength, as they destroyed infrastructre, destroyed or confiscated supplies, and crippled the Confederate Army's ability to sustain itself.

Appomattox

What Happened?

Map

General Robert Lee and his Confederate forces were surrounded near the small village of Appomattox Court House in Virginia after attempting to escape from U.S. Grant. General Robert E. Lee was forced to a subsequent surrender in April 1865, ending the Civil War.

A New Beginning

The event led to the collapse of the Confederate military and the beginning of Reconstruction.

Impact of Civil War

The Civil War was the deadliest conflict in US history, leading to over 700k casualties and a ruined southern economy and infrastructure.

• Abolition of slavery, over 4 million slaves became freedmen.
• Strengthened US foreign power, as its government could hold itself in shape.
• Proved the strength of a federal government, leading to less states' rights and more centralized forms of power.
• Exposed the Southern economies biggest weakness, its reliance on agriculture, and proving the strength of an industrial economy over agriculture.
• Fights for civil rights, with many amendments called "reconstruction amendments" being passed that protected the rights of slaves to freedom.
• Continued discrimination such as segregation until 1965, when the Civil Rights Movement finally ended legal discrimination.
• Set the precedent for America's great impact throughout the 20th century.

Reconstruction efforts

The Plans:

• 10 Percent Plan
• Plan created by Abraham Lincoln as a loyalty test for the ex-confederate states to join back into the Union. Only 10 percent of the population had to take a loyalty oath
• Johnson Plan
• Planned to provide opportunities to ex-confederate people, soldiers, and possibly high-ranking officers to receive pardons. Included conditions from Lincoln's 10 Percent plan
• Congressional Plan
• Andrew Johnson sent federal troops to oversee the organization of state governments that were more Democratic than Republican

North and south reconstruction

• North Reconstruction
• The North oversaw the South in its reconstruction
• They sent the Union army to occupy the South, with multiple plans created to gain loyalty from the South
• They passed laws for civil rights for African Americans
• South Reconstruction
• They South aimed to reorganize Southern states after the war to ready them for re-entry back into the Union
• They worked towards a society where black people and white people could live together in peace with no slavery, including the work against racism