Present Perfect

PRESENT PERFECT

Home

3. Language & Culture

1. When to use it

2. Rules

5. Affirmartive Contractions

4. Affirmative Sentence

6.Negative Sentence

7. Negative Contractions

9. Yes/no answers

8. Questions

10. Comparison

11. Practice

12. Video

1. When to use it

Per parlare di un'azione avvenuta in un momento non precisato del passato

Non specifica esattamente quando l'azione è avvenuta. Si traduce in italiano con il passato prossimo indicativo.

• We have met them
• She has called him
• They have traveled
• I have done it
• He has studied for the exam

Per parlare di un'azione che si è svolta in un momento del passato non ancora concluso

• This week I have worked a lot.
• He has met his friends today.
• This morning I have studied for the English test.

Per parlare di un'azione che è accaduta in un passato recente e che ha un effetto sul presente

What?

• I have lost my keys. I can't open the door.
• Why are you wet? I have walked under the rain.
• I'm hungry. I haven't eaten anything since breakfast.

2. Structure

Rule 1

Form the present perfect with the auxiliary verbs have or has

• I
• You
• We
• They

• She
• He
• It

has

have

Rule 2

Always use the past participle form of verbs

Some regular verbs

• call called called
• Open opened opened
• Study studied studied

Some irregular verbs

• Go went gone
• Come came come
• Meet met met

Soggetto

I/you/he-she-it/we/you/they

Ausiliare

Have - has

Participio passato

- Se il verbo è regolare + ED- Se il verbo è irregolare bisogna conoscere la terza colonna del paradigma

3. Language and culture

In British English, the past forms of some words can be regular or irregular!

4. Affirmative Sentence

have has

IYou We They She He It

dancedgone bought

5. Affirmative contractions

I'veYou've We've They've She's He's It's

IYou We They She He It

have has

6. Negative Sentences

have has

IYou We They She He It

dancedgone bought

not

7. Negative contractions

IYou We They She He It

haven't hasn't

have has

not

8. Questions

IYou We They She He It

Have Has

dancedgone bought

No, she has not / she hasn't

Short -

Yes, we have gone

Long +

Yes, I have*

Short +

02

03

No, he has not / hasn't been so good

Long -

04

01

*Affirmative short answers do not get contracted.

Short answers in the present perfect only contract the negative form.

9. Yes/no answers

10. Comparison

Present

perfect

Past

simple

Let's see the difference between these two tenses.

Present perfectThey have met before

Past simpleThey met yesterday

vs

When? Yesterday Definite Specific time

When? Indefinite Non-specific time

Present

perfect

vs

Past

simple

12. Video

Let's watch the use of present perfect on movies, documentaries, and songs!

GONE

BEEN

Part. passato del verbo to go

Part. passato del verbo to be

Si usa GONE per descrivere delle "visite non completate", ossia luoghi in cui ci si trova ancora, poiché non si è ancora tornati dal viaggio.

Si usa BEEN per descrivere delle "visite completate", ossia luoghi in cui si è stati, che si sono visti ma da cui si è tornati.

Esempio

Specific time

Non-specific time

yesterdaylast week1 year ago this morning 2001

evernever beforeyet already

11. Practice

Organize the information, add an auxiliary, and write (+),(-) and (?) sentences

go / I / my / to / house / parent's

ride / stepfather / my / horse / a

study / exam / they / the / for

be / it / best / gift /the

The end