NOTEBOOK PRESENTATION

Education system in the UK

Made by , Dafne Maddaloni,Michela Carol Rissone, Giovanni Aloisio, Giovanni Spadafora Junior, Emanuele De Santis IIIB

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Introduction

The education system in the UK is divided into four main parts, primary education, secondary education, further education and higher education. Children in the UK have to legally attend primary and secondary education which runs from about 5 years old until the student is 16 years old.

THE GRADES OF EDUCATION

PRIMARY EDUCATION

SECONDARY EDUCATION

FURTHER EDUCATION

HIGHER EDUCATION

PRIMARY EDUCATION

Primary education begins in the UK at age 5 and continues until age 11, comprising key stages one and two under the UK educational system. The major goals of primary education are achieving basic literacy and numeracy amongst all pupils, as well as establishing foundations in science, mathematics and other subjects. Children in England and Northern Ireland are assessed at the end of Key Stage 1 and Key Stage 2. In Wales, all learners in their final year of Foundation Phase and Key Stage 2 must be assessed through teacher assessments

SECONDARY EDUCATION

SECONDARY EDUCATION

From age 11 to 16, students will enter secondary school for key stages three and four and to start their move towards taking the GCSE's. Primary and secondary education is mandatory in the UK; after age 16, education is optional.

From age 11 to 16, students will enter secondary school for key stages three and four and to start their move towards taking the GCSE's. Primary and secondary education is mandatory in the UK; after age 16, education is optional.

FURTHER EDUCATION

FURTHER EDUCATION

Once a student finishes secondary education they have the option to extend into further education to take their A-Levels, GNVQ's, BTEC's or other such qualifications. UK students planning to go to college or university must complete further education. .

Once a student finishes secondary education they have the option to extend into further education to take their A-Levels, GNVQ's, BTEC's or other such qualifications. UK students planning to go to college or university must complete further education.

HIGHER EDUCATION

Probably the most important subject area on this site, this explains more about the higher education system in the UK and how it works for international students. Most international students will enter directly into the UK higher education system, after completing their home country’s equivalent to the UK’s “further education.”

SECONDARY EDUCATION

From age 11 to 16, students will enter secondary school for key stages three and four and to start their move towards taking the GCSE's. Primary and secondary education is mandatory in the UK; after age 16, education is optional.

FURTHER EDUCATION

Once a student finishes secondary education they have the option to extend into further education to take their A-Levels, GNVQ's, BTEC's or other such qualifications. UK students planning to go to college or university must complete further education. .

How are they organized?

In the United States, the term college indicates public and private post-secondary education institutions that offer undergraduate-level courses. These courses represent the first level of university education after the high school diploma and can last two or four years. For the exercise of some professions, five years of study may be required, as in the case of business administration, B.B.A. Bachelor in Business Administration, architecture, B.Arch. Bachelor of Architecture, engineering, B.Eng Bachelor of Engineering, etc. To be admitted to an undergraduate course, Italian students must have a high school diploma, obtained with a good grade.

THE MAIN ONES:Princeton, Yale, Columbia, Brown, Harvard, Cornell, Dartmouth, Pennsylvania

Princeton

Princeton University, located in Princeton, New Jersey (United States), is one of the most prestigious universities in the United States and the world, a member of the Ivy League. It is also the fourth oldest institution of higher education in the United States (after Harvard University, the College of William and Mary, and Yale University).

Harvard

Harvard University is a private American university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in the Boston metropolitan area. It was founded with private contributions in 1636 by John Harvard and is part of the Ivy League. Harvard is the oldest undergraduate institution in the United States and the first corporation (officially The President and Fellows of Harvard College) registered in the nation.

Organization

The students are divided into groups of 5/6 classified according to their preparation. A child may be at the first level for reading and at the last for mathematics. Teaching is based heavily on the creation of creative projects. For example, if a class is studying the Egyptians, they may be asked to reproduce hieroglyphics or write a report on a possible solution to a problem. Many outings are planned to various places of interest in the surrounding neighborhoods. Frequent projects and trips are based on the principle that a student learns more if he carries out a concrete action. Experiences lead to knowledge. Religious education includes various visits to places of worship such as Muslim mosques, Catholic churches, Hindu temples, etc. It offers a general vision of the main religions. This is why the most important religious occasions are celebrated. Sport also plays an important role!

In almost all Primary schools, by Year 3, children have the opportunity to learn to swim. There is also a swimming pool inside some schools, the others rely on external structures. They frequently organize school assemblies to train public speaking. In these assemblies the whole school gathers and each class tells its classmates what it did in the last term. They organize many shows and recitals, with the aim of training public speaking.

Our classic oral question does not exist in the evaluation. There are written tests and above all public speaking is used to present the work done for a project. The evaluation criteria for this last area are: posture, speed and content. Each class changes the teacher every year, so as to familiarize with new teaching methods and different people to approach. There are several reference figures in a single class, the teacher and her assistants.

The English school places a lot of importance on reading. Once a week, all classes go to the library and each student chooses a book to bring back next time. Furthermore, all children are given a book to read at home, with its reading record, a reading log, in which it is necessary to write down the book read, the reading evaluation (whether it was helped or not) and the comment (if liked it or not). It is a careful and controlled read. The teachers give numerous instructions to parents on how to read to children, teaching them what questions to ask before, during and after reading, and organize workshops on how to support this practice at home too.

Public education in the UK is totally free, but schools can be divided into mantained ones and private ones, called independent (characterized by the payment of a school fee). Since the Nineteenth century, the United Kingdom has based its school system on the decentralization of decisions. This means that the school is administered by the ninety-six Local Education Authorities present throughout the territory which guarantee public education. Therefore, although the Ministry of Education (Department for Education & Skills) continually carries out checks to verify that everything is done regularly, it is not this body that deals with everything that directly concerns English schools.

In 1988, a curriculum was introduced in English schools according to which each school shared subjects such as English, science and mathematics. Naturally, each institute decides which books to use and the methods for evaluating children. Private schools, on the other hand, may use a different methodology, but generally they also adapt to that of the public school. In addition to the fundamental subjects, there are seven other preparatory subjects: history, geography, IT, foreign language, music, art, physical education. Starting from the age of eleven, students move on to secondary school without having taken any exams since they will then be assessed during the following school years, according to the Standard Assessment Task.

The high school is therefore divided into Grammar School (corresponding to the Italian high school), Technical School (the technical institute) and the Modern School (the professional institute). On the other hand, there are Public Schools: although the name may be misleading, these are institutions meant only for a certain group of people. Following the Second World War, the Grammar School was extended to all students, however, since it could not accommodate them all, the Comprehensive Schools were created and they included approximately 90% of English students. Furthermore, in the schools of the United Kingdom there is a high degree of integration thanks also to the development of immigration and the birth of an increasingly multi-ethnic society.

In England, holidays last about six weeks and start from mid-July until the first days of September (when school usually starts). At Christmas and Easter, however, the children get two weeks of holiday while in mid-October and mid-February the school provides another week of rest. Naturally, the precise dates may vary from institution to institution since decisions are made independently by local authorities. Children aged between eleven and sixteen must follow at least twenty-four hours a week while for high schools twenty-five hours are required. Usually lessons in one day take place from 9 am to twelve, followed by a lunch break, after which another two hours of lessons are held during the afternoon. Children in many schools must wear a uniform until they turn sixteen (especially in private schools), while from the age of sixteen it is also possible not to wear it in both public and private schools.

As for teachers, the school itself decides which ones should be included in the school environment. For the selection there is no ranking of teachers but the board of directors (called Board of Governors) decides who should be sent to the schools. However, very often this decision is also left directly to the institute directors.

Once the teaching qualification has been acquired, each teacher will have to complete a certain probationary period until they obtain a permanent contract. Teachers are also paid by the school and must work approximately thirty-seven hours a week. Naturally, salaries are based on national contracts but may also have supplements for the best professors. The latter often also receive incentives, prizes and bonuses from the school itself. As well as teaching the different subjects they specialize in, teachers in England will also have to carefully assess children. Generally, the steps on which the evaluation is based are essentially three: planning an objective, monitoring the student's progress and evaluating the child at the end of the school career.

The English school has several aspects that differentiate it from the Italian one, first of all the exam system. In fact, in the United Kingdom children do not have to take oral exams but assessments are based only on written tests. Therefore, homework is periodically carried out in class to evaluate the students' level. Furthermore, the latter do not have to study all the subjects (however there are some that apply to everyone) and therefore they will not even have to take all the exams: in fact, there are different exams depending on the path you want to choose once you have obtained your school diploma. As for school timetables, English schools can have different ones depending on the day, unlike Italian schools where students must follow the same lesson timetable every day.

In conclusion, the English system is certainly varied from various points of view. One of the strengths of the English system is the great collaboration with the students' parents. The family is always and continuously involved in their child's learning process. Furthermore, learning is based on experiences, group work and highly stimulating activities that require the full participation of each student. In this way the children have the opportunity to become passionate about what they do at school, they become curious and interested.

Unlike Italy, where only in recent years have the dynamics of immigration influenced the mixing of ethnic groups, the English school is characterized by a high level of multicultural integration. This phenomenon allows you to open your mind, learn about other traditions and insert peaceful coexistence between different cultures into full normality. In Italy we surely recieve an education that prepares its students for a better general knowledge, but on the other hand we have to admit that the education system in the UK gives more access and is more open to the world of work, and its main focus is, in fact, to always improve the abilities and competence of the person.

It was founded in 1746 as the College of New Jersey, by Presbyterian William Tennent, and was originally located in Elizabeth, New Jersey. The school moved to Princeton in 1756, still under its original name. The name was officially changed to Princeton University in 1896.Jonathan Dickinson (1688–1747) was the first headmaster. In 1903 it was directed for the first time by a layman, Woodrow Wilson. Until the beginning of the twentieth century, the university was a modest place devoted to practical applications, which considered pure mathematics, for example, to be of little use. Although originally a Presbyterian institution, the university is no longer denominational and does not require any religious declaration from its students.

Some universities, taking diversity into account between the two school systems, (the American qualification, high school diploma, is obtained after 12 years of schooling compared to the 13 years of the Italian high school diploma) admit Italian graduates to the second semester or second year of the course. This admission procedure is not compulsorily followed by all universities and only concerns diploma qualifications obtained with high scores. How long does it last ? In the United States the study cycle lasts 4 years. During the first two, students can best orient themselves by combining even completely different subjects. The choice of your degree course, in fact, becomes official at the end of the second year.

Initially called the New College, it took the name of Harvard College on 13 March 1639 in honor of John Harvard, its main financier, who had left his library (about 400 books) and a significant sum of money to the college in his will, with during which the institute was renovated and expanded to accommodate approximately thirty students. Subsequently, some reforms implemented between 1869 and 1909 introduced limited number of courses, selection exams for access and classes were organized preferentially composed of a few students. In the early nineteenth century the institution emerged as a major cultural center among Boston's social elite.