Task 5 - Review

Task 5 - Review

Objective: Identify the segmental and suprasegmental characteristics that are involved in English sound production.

By María José Maestre Maestre Group #5 English Phonetics

Consonant Sounds

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/p/

• Manner: Voiceless bilabial plosive
• Place of Articulation: Bilabial (both lips come together)
• Articulators: Upper and lower lips
• Voiced or Voiceless: Voiceless
• Examples:

"pen" "spit" "penguin"

/ʃ/

• Manner: Voiceless postalveolar fricative
• Place of Articulation: Postalveolar (near the back of the alveolar ridge)
• Articulators: Tongue (blade) near the back of the alveolar ridge
• Voiced or Voiceless: Voiceless
• Examples:

"shoe" "sheep" "shoulder"

/t/

• Manner: Voiceless alveolar plosive
• Place of Articulation: Alveolar ridge (tongue against the area just behind the upper front teeth)
• Articulators: Tongue (apex)
• Voiced or Voiceless: Voiceless
• Examples:

"top" "cat" "train"

/k/

• Manner: Voiceless Velar Stop
• Place of Articulation: Velum (soft part of the roof of the mouth)
• Articulators: Back of the tongue against the soft palate
• Voiced or Voiceless: Voiceless
• Examples:

"key" "take" "think"

/f/

• Manner: Voiceless Labiodental Fricative
• Place of Articulation: Labiodental (upper teeth against lower lip)
• Articulators: Upper teeth against lower lip
• Voiced or Voiceless: Voiceless
• Examples:

"fun" "leaf" "father"

/ŋ/

• Manner: Voiced, Velar Nasal
• Place of Articulation: Velar (back of the tongue against the soft palate or velum)
• Articulators Involved: Back of the tongue and soft palate (velum)
• Voiced or Voiceless: Voiced
• Examples: "stronger" "song" "finger"

Diphthongs

/aʊ/

/ɔɪ/

Example: about, out, ground, house.

Example: voice, royal, boy, choice.

What is a function word?

What is a content word?

Function words include determiners, conjunctions, prepositions, pronouns, auxiliary verbs, modals, qualifiers, and question words. Function words include: the (determiner) over (preposition) and (conjunction) For example: Preposition "in," "on," "at" Conjunction "and," "but," "or" Even though the function words don't have concrete meanings, sentences would make a lot less sense without them.

Content words are words with specific meanings, such as nouns, adjectives, adverbs, and main verbs (those without helping verbs.) In the sentence, For example: "The sly brown fox jumped gracefully over the lazy dog and cat," the content words are: fox, dog, and cat (nouns) sly, brown, and lazy (adjectives) gracefully (adverb) jumped (main verb) Content words are crucial for conveying the main ideas and details in communication, and they form the core of the meaning in a sentence or discourse.

Nordquist, Richard. "Definition and Examples of Function Words in English." ThoughtCo, Apr. 5, 2023, thoughtco.com/function-word-grammar-1690876.

What is a falling intonation?

What is a raising intonation?

Falling intonation is when the words in a sentence gradually fall in tone (or musical note) almost in a stepwise manner. Functions of Falling Intonation: Statements or comments Wh questions like ‘where are you going?’ Low energy emotions such as boredom, disinterest For example: "She is going to the store." In this sentence, the pitch of the voice descends at the end, signaling the completion of the statement about her action. "The meeting starts at 10 am." The falling intonation at the end indicates the completion of information about the meeting time.

Rising intonation is often overused by both none native English speakers as well as native speakers (and most people don’t realise they are doing it!). In fact this is called ‘high rising terminal’ and has been on the increase especially in Australia. The rising tone intonation pattern is only used for: Questions with a yes/no answer Requests for clarification (indicates uncertainty) High energy emotions e.g. happiness/anger/shock For example: "You're coming to the party?" The rising intonation at the end turns the statement into a question, seeking confirmation about the person's attendance. "She went to the store?" Here, the rising intonation indicates uncertainty or a query about whether someone is confirming or seeking clarification about her action.

Danwyn. (2019, marzo 2). Rising and falling intonation - examples & exercises. AccentU. http://www.accentu.com.au/intonation/

Thanks for your attention!

By María José Maestre Maestre Group #5 English Phonetics