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MAGNA CHARTA LIBERTATUM

stevince07

Created on December 5, 2023

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Transcript

MAGNA CHARTA LIBERTATUM

Presented by Stefano Salonia, Luigi Alabiso, Lorenzo Russello, Francesco Ramistella and Filippo Salerno.

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Magna Charta Libertatum is one of the most influential legal documents in British history, so called because the original version was drafted in Latin. It was introduced by some of the most notable barons of the thirteenth century in an act of rebellion against King John I. His decision to increase taxes, the failed attempt to conqueer North France and the excommunication by Pope Innocent III made him hated by the population.

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Unlike previous rebellions the barons did not have a clear successor in mind to claim the throne, so they focused their attack on John’s oppressive rule, arguing that he was not adhering to the Charter of Liberties. This charter was a written proclamation issued by John’s ancestor Henry I when he took the throne in 1100. Negotiations took place throughout the first six months of 1215 but it was not until the barons entered the King’s London Court by force on 10 June.

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This was a significant moment, the first time a ruling monarch had been forcibly persuaded to renounce a great deal of his authority, and took place at Runnymede on 15th June. For their part, the barons renewed their oaths of allegiance to the king four days later.

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Whilst both the king and the barons had agreed to the Magna Carta as a means of reconciliation, there was still huge distrust on both sides. The barons had really wanted to overthrow John and see a new monarch take the throne. For his part, John reneged on the most crucial section of the document, now known as Clause 61, as soon as the barons left London. The clause stated that an established committee of barons had the ability to overthrow the king if he did defy the charter at any time.

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At this point, the barons promptly changed tack and reinitiated their rebellion with a view to replacing the monarch with Prince Louis of France. As a means of promoting peace, the Magna Carta was a failure, legally binding for only three months, until John’s death on 19th October 1216. Following fractions between Louis and the English barons, the supporters of John’s son, Henry III, won over the barons in 1217. However, keen to avoid a repeat of the rebellion, the failed Magna Carta agreement was reinstated as a concession to the barons. This version of the charter was edited to include 42 rather than 61 clauses, with clause 61 being notably absent.

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