History of Psychology Timeline
Psychodynamic Therapeutic Technique: Free Association
1886
1895
1690
Cathartic Method and Represed Memories
Project for a Scientific Psychology
Foundations of Empiricism
1890s
1899
1876
Freud's Psychoanalytic Techniques
"The Interpretation of Dreams"
Hypnosis and Hysteria
History of Psychology Timeline
Psychodynamic Therapeutic Technique: Free Association
1910
1920s
1900
"Five Lectures on Psychoanalysis"
Psychoanalysis Spreads
Psychodynamic Model
1911
1930-1940s
1904
Jung's Psychodynamics
Neo-Freuadian Movement
"The Psychopathology of Everyday Life"
History of Psychology Timeline
Psychodynamic Therapeutic Technique: Free Association
1980s
2000s
1950s
Psychoanalysis in Practice
Integration into Therapies
Criticism and Modifications
1990s
2010s
1960-1970s
Neuroscience and Psychoanalysis
Evidence-Based Practive
Humanistic and Behavioral Challenges
History of Psychology Timeline
Psychodynamic Therapeutic Technique: Free Association
2020s
Online Therapy
Today
Ongoing Research
1690 Foundations of Empiricism
Empiricism, championed by Locke and Hume, emphasized the role of experience in shaping the mind's content. Associationism posited that ideas and mental states are linked through associative principles, laying the groundwork for understanding how thoughts are connected.
Zeitgeist: The Enlightenment period characterized by a shift towards reason, science, and empirical inquiry. Cultural emphasis on rationality, scientific progress, and skepticism toward traditional authority.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/empiricism/History-of-empiricism
1876 Hypnosis and Hysteria
The use of hypnosis by Charcot to treat hysteria highlighted the potential of altered states of consciousness in accessing repressed memories and emotions. This era's focus on unconscious processes laid the groundwork for later psychoanalytic techniques.
Zeitgeist: Victorian era marked by social conservatism and scientific curiosity. Industrialization, social stratification, and advancements in technology alongside rigid moral values.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5810866/
1886 Cathartic Method and Repressed Memories
Zeitgeist: Late 19th-century Vienna saw the rise of intellectual and artistic innovation but also strict social norms and gender roles. A burgeoning interest in psychological phenomena amidst a society in transition.
Breuer's work with Anna O. marked the initial stages of talking therapy and cathartic methods. This influenced Freud and set the stage for the development of psychoanalysis.
https://www.simplypsychology.org/anna-o-bertha-pappenheim.html
1890s Freud's Psychoanalytic Techniques
Freud's collaboration with Breuer spurred his interest in the unconscious mind and the formulation of psychoanalytic techniques. This led to the introduction of concepts like repression and the significance of early childhood experiences.
Zeitgeist: A sophisticated time marked by cultural and societal upheavals. A clash between traditional values and the emergence of modernity, amidst rapid industrialization and urbanization.
https://positivepsychology.com/psychoanalysis/
1895 Project for a Scientific Psychology
Freud's attempt to establish a neurological basis for psychological phenomena emphasized the interconnectedness of mental processes, laying the groundwork for the concept of associations between thoughts.
Zeitgeist: A time of scientific optimism and progress. Advancements in various fields, including psychology, amidst a backdrop of societal transformation and shifting values.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10575551/
1899 "The Interpretation of Dreams"
Freud's exploration of dream analysis introduced the concept of symbolism and unconscious thoughts, illustrating how accessing these hidden thoughts could provide insights into the psyche.
Zeitgeist: The Enlightenment period characterized by a shift towards reason, science, and empirical inquiry. Cultural emphasis on rationality, scientific progress, and skepticism toward traditional authority.
https://study.com/academy/lesson/freuds-dream-psychology-analysis.html
https://www.simplypsychology.org/psychodynamic.html
1900 Psychodynamic Model
Zeitgeist: The dawn of the 20th century characterized by both optimism and uncertainty. The start of modernity, with technological advancements juxtaposed against societal tensions and geopolitical turmoil.
Freud's works culminated in the establishment of the psychodynamic model, highlighting the significance of the unconscious and shaping the foundation of psychoanalysis.
1904 "The Psychopathology of Everyday Life"
Freud's study of everyday phenomena, such as slips of the tongue or forgetting, revealed how unconscious thoughts could manifest in seemingly trivial actions.
World Events: Advancements in psychology amid a time of growing interest in understanding human behavior. Freud's exploration of everyday phenomena revealing unconscious thoughts. Societies growing curiosity about subconscious motives.
https://www.bookey.app/book/the-psychopathology-of-everyday-life
1910 "Five Lectures on Psychoanalysis"
Freud formally introduces free association as a technique in psychoanalysis, emphasizing its role in uncovering repressed thoughts and emotions.
Zeitgeist: The pre-World War I era marked by cultural and intellectual fervor. A time of progress in arts, sciences, and psychology, juxtaposed against looming political tensions.
https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/65347/sts-003-spring-2008/contents/readings/freud.pdf
1911 Jung's Psychodynamics
Jung's divergence from Freud led to the development of analytical psychology, incorporating concepts like the collective unconscious while still maintaining aspects of psychodynamic theory. This divergence highlighted the evolution and adaptation of psychoanalytic principles.
Zeitgeist: A period of intellectual ferment and growing exploration of the unconscious mind. The backdrop of shifting societal norms and World War I looming on the horizon.
https://www.structural-learning.com/post/jungian-psychology
https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/freud/freud03.html
1920s Psychoanalysis Spreads
Zeitgeist: The Roaring Twenties marked by cultural revolutions, economic prosperity, and social liberation. The aftermath of war, industrialization, and the rise of modernism.
The dissemination of psychoanalytic ideas globally led to diverse interpretations and applications. This widespread influence broadened the scope of psychodynamic principles, integrating cultural nuances into therapeutic practices.
1930-1940s Neo-Freudian Movement
Figures like Erik Erikson, Alfred Adler, and Karen Horney expanded upon Freudian concepts, emphasizing social and cultural influences on personality development. This movement extended the reach of psychodynamic theory, incorporating broader sociocultural perspectives.
Zeitgeist: The interwar period of economic depression and political upheavals. A search for new psychological approaches amidst global economic downturns and the rise of totalitarian regimes.
https://www.verywellmind.com/who-were-the-neo-freudians-2795576
https://www.verywellmind.com/freuds-stages-of-psychosexual-development-2795962
1950s Criticism and Modifications
Zeitgeist: Post-World War II era characterized by economic recovery, the Cold War, and cultural conservatism. Growing skepticism towards rigid psychoanalytic principles amidst a changing cultural landscape.
Critiques of Freud's rigid focus on sexuality and the unconscious prompted modifications in psychodynamic approaches. This era witnessed the integration of humanistic and existential ideas, steering psychodynamic therapy towards a more holistic perspective of human experience.
https://www.simplypsychology.org/humanistic.html
1960-1970s Humanistic and Behavioral Challenges
The emergence of humanistic and behavioral psychology challenged the dominance of psychoanalysis. This led to the development of more active and present-focused therapies, influencing psychodynamic approaches to become more interactive and less deterministic.
Zeitgeist: The countercultural revolution, civil rights movements, and societal upheavals. Heightened interest in personal agency, freedom, and immediate experience, challenging traditional psychoanalytic approaches.
1980s Psychoanalysis in Practice
A resurgence of interest in psychodynamic therapy occurred, combining traditional psychodynamic concepts with contemporary insights from cognitive psychology and neuroscience. This integration diversified therapeutic approaches and enhanced their effectiveness.
Zeitgeist: The era of economic boom and technological advancement. A shift towards a more pragmatic approach in psychotherapy amidst societal emphasis on materialism and consumerism.
https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/psychoanalytic-tradition-american-psychiatry-basics
1990s Neuroscience and Psychoanalysis
Advances in neuroscience provided empirical evidence supporting some aspects of psychoanalytic theory, especially regarding unconscious processes. This scientific validation reinforced the relevance of psychodynamic concepts in understanding the mind.
Zeitgeist: Advancements in technology and the rise of the information age. A growing convergence of scientific fields, including psychology, amidst a society increasingly shaped by technology.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6724748/
2000s Integration into Therapies
Psychodynamic therapy began integrating with other therapeutic modalities like cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), leading to the development of integrative or eclectic approaches. This blending of techniques expanded the applicability and effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy.
Zeitgeist: Globalization and interconnectedness define this era. The blending of therapeutic approaches mirrors a world increasingly interconnected through technology and communication.
https://psychcentral.com/health/free-association-therapy
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4471961/
2010s Evidence-Based Practive
Zeitgeist: Emphasis on evidence-based practices and scientific rigor. A time of rapid technological advancement and growing societal awareness around mental health.
Increasing emphasis on empirical validation and evidence-based practices in psychodynamic therapy led to more rigorous research, validating its efficacy and refining its techniques. This scientific approach enhanced the credibility of psychodynamic therapy in the wider psychological community.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9893047/
2020s Online Therapy
Zeitgeist: The digital age and the COVID-19 pandemic accelerate the adoption of online platforms. A shift towards accessibility and convenience in mental healthcare.
The adoption of online platforms expanded the accessibility of psychodynamic therapy, making mental health services more available and convenient for a broader population. This technological shift enhanced the reach of psychodynamic principles.
Today Ongoing Research
Current research continues to refine and evolve psychodynamic therapy, incorporating advancements in fields like artificial intelligence, further broadening its applications and effectiveness.
Zeitgeist: A time of unprecedented technological advancement, cultural diversity, and globalization. A continuous search for effective mental health practices amidst societal, technological, and cultural changes.
https://www.betterhelp.com/advice/psychologists/free-association-what-is-it-and-how-does-it-work/
Text Resources
- 1. https://www.britannica.com/topic/empiricism/History-of-empiricism
- 2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5810866/
- 3. https://www.simplypsychology.org/anna-o-bertha-pappenheim.html
- 4. https://positivepsychology.com/psychoanalysis/
- 5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10575551/
- 6. https://study.com/academy/lesson/freuds-dream-psychology-analysis.html
- 7. https://www.simplypsychology.org/psychodynamic.html
- 8. https://www.bookey.app/book/the-psychopathology-of-everyday-life
- 9. https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/65347/sts-003-spring-2008/contents/readings/freud.pdf
- 10. https://www.structural-learning.com/post/jungian-psychology
- 11. https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/freud/freud03.html
- 12. https://www.verywellmind.com/who-were-the-neo-freudians-2795576
- 13. https://www.verywellmind.com/freuds-stages-of-psychosexual-development-2795962
- 14. https://www.simplypsychology.org/humanistic.html
- 15. https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/psychoanalytic-tradition-american-psychiatry-basics
- 16. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6724748/
- 17. https://psychcentral.com/health/free-association-therapy
- 18. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4471961/
- 19. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9893047/
- 20. https://www.betterhelp.com/advice/psychologists/free-association-what-is-it-and-how-does-it-work/
Image Resources
- 1. https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Locke/An-Essay-Concerning-Human-Understanding
- 2. https://hypnosis.edu/history/charcots-salpetriere-school
- 3. http://ahistoryofthepresentananthology.blogspot.com/2013/06/studies-on-hysteria-by-sigmund-freud.html
- 4. https://www.freud.org.uk/
- 5. https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2018/8/27/17761466/psychology-replication-crisis-nature-social-science
- 6. https://www.amazon.com/Sigmund-Freuds-Interpretation-Masters-Collections/dp/9380005873
- 7. https://www.psychologistworld.com/freud/psychodynamic-approach
- 8. https://www.abebooks.com/9781619493827/Psychopathology-Everyday-Life-Sigmund-Freud-1619493829/plp
- 9. https://www.audiobooks.com/audiobook/705361/?refId=40886&detailsLocale=US
- 10. https://www.biography.com/scientists/carl-jung
- 11. https://www.unc.edu/story/tar-heels-experience-the-world-this-summer/
- 12. https://www.culturefrontier.com/neo-freudians/
- 13. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Why_Freud_Was_Wrong
- 14. https://www.verywellmind.com/perspectives-in-modern-psychology-2795595
- 15. https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-psychoanalytic-therapy-2795467
- 16. https://www.verywellmind.com/adult-neurogenesis-can-we-grow-new-brain-cells-2794885
- 17. https://theconversation.com/cbt-dbt-psychodynamic-what-type-of-therapy-is-right-for-me-171101
- 18. https://www.pragmaticmom.com
- 19. https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-online-therapy-2795752
- 20. https://www.goodtherapy.org/blog/psychpedia/free-association-in-therapy
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Psychodynamic Therapeutic Technique: Free Association
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Transcript
History of Psychology Timeline
Psychodynamic Therapeutic Technique: Free Association
1886
1895
1690
Cathartic Method and Represed Memories
Project for a Scientific Psychology
Foundations of Empiricism
1890s
1899
1876
Freud's Psychoanalytic Techniques
"The Interpretation of Dreams"
Hypnosis and Hysteria
History of Psychology Timeline
Psychodynamic Therapeutic Technique: Free Association
1910
1920s
1900
"Five Lectures on Psychoanalysis"
Psychoanalysis Spreads
Psychodynamic Model
1911
1930-1940s
1904
Jung's Psychodynamics
Neo-Freuadian Movement
"The Psychopathology of Everyday Life"
History of Psychology Timeline
Psychodynamic Therapeutic Technique: Free Association
1980s
2000s
1950s
Psychoanalysis in Practice
Integration into Therapies
Criticism and Modifications
1990s
2010s
1960-1970s
Neuroscience and Psychoanalysis
Evidence-Based Practive
Humanistic and Behavioral Challenges
History of Psychology Timeline
Psychodynamic Therapeutic Technique: Free Association
2020s
Online Therapy
Today
Ongoing Research
1690 Foundations of Empiricism
Empiricism, championed by Locke and Hume, emphasized the role of experience in shaping the mind's content. Associationism posited that ideas and mental states are linked through associative principles, laying the groundwork for understanding how thoughts are connected.
Zeitgeist: The Enlightenment period characterized by a shift towards reason, science, and empirical inquiry. Cultural emphasis on rationality, scientific progress, and skepticism toward traditional authority.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/empiricism/History-of-empiricism
1876 Hypnosis and Hysteria
The use of hypnosis by Charcot to treat hysteria highlighted the potential of altered states of consciousness in accessing repressed memories and emotions. This era's focus on unconscious processes laid the groundwork for later psychoanalytic techniques.
Zeitgeist: Victorian era marked by social conservatism and scientific curiosity. Industrialization, social stratification, and advancements in technology alongside rigid moral values.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5810866/
1886 Cathartic Method and Repressed Memories
Zeitgeist: Late 19th-century Vienna saw the rise of intellectual and artistic innovation but also strict social norms and gender roles. A burgeoning interest in psychological phenomena amidst a society in transition.
Breuer's work with Anna O. marked the initial stages of talking therapy and cathartic methods. This influenced Freud and set the stage for the development of psychoanalysis.
https://www.simplypsychology.org/anna-o-bertha-pappenheim.html
1890s Freud's Psychoanalytic Techniques
Freud's collaboration with Breuer spurred his interest in the unconscious mind and the formulation of psychoanalytic techniques. This led to the introduction of concepts like repression and the significance of early childhood experiences.
Zeitgeist: A sophisticated time marked by cultural and societal upheavals. A clash between traditional values and the emergence of modernity, amidst rapid industrialization and urbanization.
https://positivepsychology.com/psychoanalysis/
1895 Project for a Scientific Psychology
Freud's attempt to establish a neurological basis for psychological phenomena emphasized the interconnectedness of mental processes, laying the groundwork for the concept of associations between thoughts.
Zeitgeist: A time of scientific optimism and progress. Advancements in various fields, including psychology, amidst a backdrop of societal transformation and shifting values.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10575551/
1899 "The Interpretation of Dreams"
Freud's exploration of dream analysis introduced the concept of symbolism and unconscious thoughts, illustrating how accessing these hidden thoughts could provide insights into the psyche.
Zeitgeist: The Enlightenment period characterized by a shift towards reason, science, and empirical inquiry. Cultural emphasis on rationality, scientific progress, and skepticism toward traditional authority.
https://study.com/academy/lesson/freuds-dream-psychology-analysis.html
https://www.simplypsychology.org/psychodynamic.html
1900 Psychodynamic Model
Zeitgeist: The dawn of the 20th century characterized by both optimism and uncertainty. The start of modernity, with technological advancements juxtaposed against societal tensions and geopolitical turmoil.
Freud's works culminated in the establishment of the psychodynamic model, highlighting the significance of the unconscious and shaping the foundation of psychoanalysis.
1904 "The Psychopathology of Everyday Life"
Freud's study of everyday phenomena, such as slips of the tongue or forgetting, revealed how unconscious thoughts could manifest in seemingly trivial actions.
World Events: Advancements in psychology amid a time of growing interest in understanding human behavior. Freud's exploration of everyday phenomena revealing unconscious thoughts. Societies growing curiosity about subconscious motives.
https://www.bookey.app/book/the-psychopathology-of-everyday-life
1910 "Five Lectures on Psychoanalysis"
Freud formally introduces free association as a technique in psychoanalysis, emphasizing its role in uncovering repressed thoughts and emotions.
Zeitgeist: The pre-World War I era marked by cultural and intellectual fervor. A time of progress in arts, sciences, and psychology, juxtaposed against looming political tensions.
https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/65347/sts-003-spring-2008/contents/readings/freud.pdf
1911 Jung's Psychodynamics
Jung's divergence from Freud led to the development of analytical psychology, incorporating concepts like the collective unconscious while still maintaining aspects of psychodynamic theory. This divergence highlighted the evolution and adaptation of psychoanalytic principles.
Zeitgeist: A period of intellectual ferment and growing exploration of the unconscious mind. The backdrop of shifting societal norms and World War I looming on the horizon.
https://www.structural-learning.com/post/jungian-psychology
https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/freud/freud03.html
1920s Psychoanalysis Spreads
Zeitgeist: The Roaring Twenties marked by cultural revolutions, economic prosperity, and social liberation. The aftermath of war, industrialization, and the rise of modernism.
The dissemination of psychoanalytic ideas globally led to diverse interpretations and applications. This widespread influence broadened the scope of psychodynamic principles, integrating cultural nuances into therapeutic practices.
1930-1940s Neo-Freudian Movement
Figures like Erik Erikson, Alfred Adler, and Karen Horney expanded upon Freudian concepts, emphasizing social and cultural influences on personality development. This movement extended the reach of psychodynamic theory, incorporating broader sociocultural perspectives.
Zeitgeist: The interwar period of economic depression and political upheavals. A search for new psychological approaches amidst global economic downturns and the rise of totalitarian regimes.
https://www.verywellmind.com/who-were-the-neo-freudians-2795576
https://www.verywellmind.com/freuds-stages-of-psychosexual-development-2795962
1950s Criticism and Modifications
Zeitgeist: Post-World War II era characterized by economic recovery, the Cold War, and cultural conservatism. Growing skepticism towards rigid psychoanalytic principles amidst a changing cultural landscape.
Critiques of Freud's rigid focus on sexuality and the unconscious prompted modifications in psychodynamic approaches. This era witnessed the integration of humanistic and existential ideas, steering psychodynamic therapy towards a more holistic perspective of human experience.
https://www.simplypsychology.org/humanistic.html
1960-1970s Humanistic and Behavioral Challenges
The emergence of humanistic and behavioral psychology challenged the dominance of psychoanalysis. This led to the development of more active and present-focused therapies, influencing psychodynamic approaches to become more interactive and less deterministic.
Zeitgeist: The countercultural revolution, civil rights movements, and societal upheavals. Heightened interest in personal agency, freedom, and immediate experience, challenging traditional psychoanalytic approaches.
1980s Psychoanalysis in Practice
A resurgence of interest in psychodynamic therapy occurred, combining traditional psychodynamic concepts with contemporary insights from cognitive psychology and neuroscience. This integration diversified therapeutic approaches and enhanced their effectiveness.
Zeitgeist: The era of economic boom and technological advancement. A shift towards a more pragmatic approach in psychotherapy amidst societal emphasis on materialism and consumerism.
https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/psychoanalytic-tradition-american-psychiatry-basics
1990s Neuroscience and Psychoanalysis
Advances in neuroscience provided empirical evidence supporting some aspects of psychoanalytic theory, especially regarding unconscious processes. This scientific validation reinforced the relevance of psychodynamic concepts in understanding the mind.
Zeitgeist: Advancements in technology and the rise of the information age. A growing convergence of scientific fields, including psychology, amidst a society increasingly shaped by technology.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6724748/
2000s Integration into Therapies
Psychodynamic therapy began integrating with other therapeutic modalities like cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), leading to the development of integrative or eclectic approaches. This blending of techniques expanded the applicability and effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy.
Zeitgeist: Globalization and interconnectedness define this era. The blending of therapeutic approaches mirrors a world increasingly interconnected through technology and communication.
https://psychcentral.com/health/free-association-therapy
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4471961/
2010s Evidence-Based Practive
Zeitgeist: Emphasis on evidence-based practices and scientific rigor. A time of rapid technological advancement and growing societal awareness around mental health.
Increasing emphasis on empirical validation and evidence-based practices in psychodynamic therapy led to more rigorous research, validating its efficacy and refining its techniques. This scientific approach enhanced the credibility of psychodynamic therapy in the wider psychological community.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9893047/
2020s Online Therapy
Zeitgeist: The digital age and the COVID-19 pandemic accelerate the adoption of online platforms. A shift towards accessibility and convenience in mental healthcare.
The adoption of online platforms expanded the accessibility of psychodynamic therapy, making mental health services more available and convenient for a broader population. This technological shift enhanced the reach of psychodynamic principles.
Today Ongoing Research
Current research continues to refine and evolve psychodynamic therapy, incorporating advancements in fields like artificial intelligence, further broadening its applications and effectiveness.
Zeitgeist: A time of unprecedented technological advancement, cultural diversity, and globalization. A continuous search for effective mental health practices amidst societal, technological, and cultural changes.
https://www.betterhelp.com/advice/psychologists/free-association-what-is-it-and-how-does-it-work/
Text Resources
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Bring it to life with an interactive window
Create a new layer with all the Genially features.
Got an idea?
Bring it to life with an interactive window
Create a new layer with all the Genially features.
Got an idea?
Bring it to life with an interactive window
Create a new layer with all the Genially features.
Got an idea?
Bring it to life with an interactive window
Create a new layer with all the Genially features.
Got an idea?
Bring it to life with an interactive window
Create a new layer with all the Genially features.
Got an idea?
Bring it to life with an interactive window
Create a new layer with all the Genially features.
Got an idea?
Bring it to life with an interactive window
Create a new layer with all the Genially features.
Got an idea?
Bring it to life with an interactive window
Create a new layer with all the Genially features.
Got an idea?
Bring it to life with an interactive window
Create a new layer with all the Genially features.
Got an idea?
Bring it to life with an interactive window
Create a new layer with all the Genially features.
Got an idea?
Bring it to life with an interactive window
Create a new layer with all the Genially features.