Substation Components
The greatest engineering work in the world
Switchgear is a board term that describes a wide variety of switching devices that all fulfill a common need: controlling, protecting, and isolating power systems.
A "bus" refers to a system or structure that distributes electrical power within the substation, The "115 kV bus", "65 kV bus", and "22 kV bus" represent different volatages levels with in the substation. It's used for transmitting high-voltage electricity from the incoming power lines or transformers to other equipment within the substation.
A substation is a facility that transforms high-voltage electricity to lower voltages for distribution and vice versa, ensuring safe transmission and delivery of electrical power to homes, businesses and industries.
Circuit breakers are used to open and close circuits. They can be operated manually to perform maintenance or will automatically trip if a short circuit occurs.
GOAB- "Gang Operated Air Break Switch", refers to the three phases being electrically or mechanically tied together so that the 3 phases open at the same time. The "Air Break" refers to a visible break in the air that allows crews to see that the switch is truly open.
Substation regulators are one of the primary means, along with load-tap changing power transformers, shunt capacitors, and distribution line regulators, for maintaining a proper level of voltage at a customer's service entrance.
A transformer is the heart of the substation, The transformer changes the relationship between the incoming voltage and the current and the outgoing voltage and current. Substation transformers are rated by their primary and secondary voltage telationship and their power carrying capability.
A recloser is a type of circuit breaker used in electrical substations. It's designed to automatically interrupt or re-establish electrical power flow in the event of a fault or a temporaty disturbance in the power grid.
A diconnect switch is a type of safety device used in electrical cicuitry. The purpuse of a disconnect switch is to guarantee that a particular electrical circuit is de-energized in the case of an emergency stoppage, service or maintenance.
Capacitor Coupled Voltage Transformer (CCVT) is a switchgear device used to convert high transmission class voltage into easliy measurable values, which are used for metering, protection, and control of high voltage systems.
Potential transformers (PT), are a parallel-connected type of instrument transformer. They are designed to present a negligible load to the supply being measured and have an accurate voltage ratio and phase relationship to enable accurate secondary connected metering.
Grounding System
A substation gounding system has two main parts: the grownind netweok and the connection to the earth. The grounding network bonds all equipment in frames and metallic structures in the substation, while the connection to the earth is the interface between the electrical system and the earth.
Power cables transfer energy from a source to equiipment. Control cables send signals to control the functioning of equipment. Products include cables that range form 601 to 15 kV and 15.1 kV and over as well as paper power cable, portable power cable, and welding cable.
Auxiliary supply refers to an additional electrical power source used to supoort various control, protection, monitoring, and communication systems within the substation. These systems often require a stable and reliable source of electricity to operate efficiently.
Termination Panel: provides termination points for various cables, facilitating the connection and termination of control, communiatioin and power cables within the substation. Control Wiring: involves the electrical wiring used to connect and control varioius devices, equipment and components within the substation. This wiring facilitates the monitoring, protection and operation of the substation infastructure. Relay Panel: houses protective relays that monitor and control electrical parametes. It detects faults and initiates actions (like circuit breakers trips) to safeguard equiment and the power system. RTU (Remote Terminal Unit): collects data from sensors and equipment within a substation and transmit this information to a central location. Communication Panel: accomodates equipmetn (e.g. switches, routers) used for data transmission and connectivity within the substation and with external systems.
An AC/DC system in a electrical substation refers to the integration and coexistence of both alternating current (AC) and direct current (AC) elements with in the substation infastructure. This hybrid system combines components that habdle both AC and DC power to meet various operational requiremnets within the substation or the boarder power grid. Relays: are devices that sense abnormalities in the electrical system and trigget the openin or closing of circuit breakers or other protecive decives to isolate faults and protect the equipment. Fuses: are protective devices that contain a metal wire strip that melts when execcise current flows through it, breaking hte circuit to prevent damage to electrical equipment from over current contiions. Control switches: Devices used to manually control various operations with in the substation , such as opening or closing circuits, activating alarms, or chaning the configuration of the electrical system. Termina boards: Panels or boards with multiple terminals used to connect and organize electrical conductors, facilitating the interconnection of cables, wires and components in the substation. Wiring: Conductive materials (such as copper or aluminum wires) that transmit electrical power or signals between different components within the substation, forming the interconnected netweork for electrical distribution and control.
Substation Components
Celine Neal
Created on December 4, 2023
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Transcript
Substation Components
The greatest engineering work in the world
Switchgear is a board term that describes a wide variety of switching devices that all fulfill a common need: controlling, protecting, and isolating power systems.
A "bus" refers to a system or structure that distributes electrical power within the substation, The "115 kV bus", "65 kV bus", and "22 kV bus" represent different volatages levels with in the substation. It's used for transmitting high-voltage electricity from the incoming power lines or transformers to other equipment within the substation.
A substation is a facility that transforms high-voltage electricity to lower voltages for distribution and vice versa, ensuring safe transmission and delivery of electrical power to homes, businesses and industries.
Circuit breakers are used to open and close circuits. They can be operated manually to perform maintenance or will automatically trip if a short circuit occurs.
GOAB- "Gang Operated Air Break Switch", refers to the three phases being electrically or mechanically tied together so that the 3 phases open at the same time. The "Air Break" refers to a visible break in the air that allows crews to see that the switch is truly open.
Substation regulators are one of the primary means, along with load-tap changing power transformers, shunt capacitors, and distribution line regulators, for maintaining a proper level of voltage at a customer's service entrance.
A transformer is the heart of the substation, The transformer changes the relationship between the incoming voltage and the current and the outgoing voltage and current. Substation transformers are rated by their primary and secondary voltage telationship and their power carrying capability.
A recloser is a type of circuit breaker used in electrical substations. It's designed to automatically interrupt or re-establish electrical power flow in the event of a fault or a temporaty disturbance in the power grid.
A diconnect switch is a type of safety device used in electrical cicuitry. The purpuse of a disconnect switch is to guarantee that a particular electrical circuit is de-energized in the case of an emergency stoppage, service or maintenance.
Capacitor Coupled Voltage Transformer (CCVT) is a switchgear device used to convert high transmission class voltage into easliy measurable values, which are used for metering, protection, and control of high voltage systems.
Potential transformers (PT), are a parallel-connected type of instrument transformer. They are designed to present a negligible load to the supply being measured and have an accurate voltage ratio and phase relationship to enable accurate secondary connected metering.
Grounding System
A substation gounding system has two main parts: the grownind netweok and the connection to the earth. The grounding network bonds all equipment in frames and metallic structures in the substation, while the connection to the earth is the interface between the electrical system and the earth.
Power cables transfer energy from a source to equiipment. Control cables send signals to control the functioning of equipment. Products include cables that range form 601 to 15 kV and 15.1 kV and over as well as paper power cable, portable power cable, and welding cable.
Auxiliary supply refers to an additional electrical power source used to supoort various control, protection, monitoring, and communication systems within the substation. These systems often require a stable and reliable source of electricity to operate efficiently.
Termination Panel: provides termination points for various cables, facilitating the connection and termination of control, communiatioin and power cables within the substation. Control Wiring: involves the electrical wiring used to connect and control varioius devices, equipment and components within the substation. This wiring facilitates the monitoring, protection and operation of the substation infastructure. Relay Panel: houses protective relays that monitor and control electrical parametes. It detects faults and initiates actions (like circuit breakers trips) to safeguard equiment and the power system. RTU (Remote Terminal Unit): collects data from sensors and equipment within a substation and transmit this information to a central location. Communication Panel: accomodates equipmetn (e.g. switches, routers) used for data transmission and connectivity within the substation and with external systems.
An AC/DC system in a electrical substation refers to the integration and coexistence of both alternating current (AC) and direct current (AC) elements with in the substation infastructure. This hybrid system combines components that habdle both AC and DC power to meet various operational requiremnets within the substation or the boarder power grid. Relays: are devices that sense abnormalities in the electrical system and trigget the openin or closing of circuit breakers or other protecive decives to isolate faults and protect the equipment. Fuses: are protective devices that contain a metal wire strip that melts when execcise current flows through it, breaking hte circuit to prevent damage to electrical equipment from over current contiions. Control switches: Devices used to manually control various operations with in the substation , such as opening or closing circuits, activating alarms, or chaning the configuration of the electrical system. Termina boards: Panels or boards with multiple terminals used to connect and organize electrical conductors, facilitating the interconnection of cables, wires and components in the substation. Wiring: Conductive materials (such as copper or aluminum wires) that transmit electrical power or signals between different components within the substation, forming the interconnected netweork for electrical distribution and control.