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Yemen Timeline

Emma Laliberte

Created on December 1, 2023

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2000

2005

2006

2007

2004

Numerous Houthis, including his brother Abdul-Malik al-Houthi, are now leading the fighting against government forces, which has resulted in hundreds of deaths. After the parties come to a consensus, the fighting stops and the Houthi military commander surrenders.

Saleh's government started detaining hundreds of Houthi members in June 2004 and offered a reward for the capture of Hussein Badreddin al-Houthi. The fighting doesn't stop until September, when al-Houthi is killed.

Saleh strikes the Treaty of Jeddah, a border demarcation agreement with Saudi Arabia, and tries to disarm the Houthis, whom he had previously seen as a useful tool against Saudi meddling in Yemen.

The Houthi rebels and Saleh's government are at odds once more at the beginning of 2007. Five months of fighting pass before Abdul-Malik al-Houthi, assisted by Qatar, and Saleh agree to a ceasefire.

Although there are still occasional skirmishes between the government and the Houthis, Saleh pardons 600 of the fighters in March 2006. In the end, Saleh prevails in the 2006 election.

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The Houthi rebellion in Saada is put down by the Yemeni military through Operation Scorched Earth, which it launched in August 2009. At this point, cross-border fighting breaks out between Saudi forces and the Houthi rebels. Fighting persists until Abdul-Malik al-Houthi and the rebels agree to a ceasefire in February 2010 following rounds of offers and counteroffers made by Saleh's government. Operation Blow to the Head is a counteroffensive launched by the Yemeni military against al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) and the rebels at the same time.

A deal to transfer power mediated by the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) is accepted by Saleh's General People's Congress (GPC), but the president declines to sign it. Conflicts break out in Sanaa as a result, with the powerful Hashid tribal federation and a number of army commanders supporting the opposition.

2011

2009

2010

2008

2012

Before the truce had even been in place for a year, there was renewed fighting between the rebels and the government. Ali Abdullah Saleh announces in July that hostilities in the Houthi-held Saada governorate have ended.

To drive out AQAP members, government forces besiege the Shabwa governorate in southeast Yemen.

After winning a race without any opposition, Hadi takes the oath of office and begins a two-year term as president.

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2016

2018

2014

Hadi steps down as president following the Houthis' imposition of house arrest. Hadi and the Houthis had not stopped fighting despite earlier attempts to negotiate a power-sharing arrangement. Later, a draft constitution put forth by Hadi's administration is rejected by the Houthis.

2017

2015

The Yemeni crisis is deemed by humanitarian agencies and watchdogs as one of the worst humanitarian emergencies globally. A cholera outbreak, thousands of civilian casualties, and a possible famine that could push thousands closer to starvation are all present.

A political transition plan for Yemen that establishes a federation of six regions has been approved by a presidential panel.

Martin Griffiths, a veteran British diplomat, is named by the UN as the Secretary-General's Special Envoy for Yemen.

The General People's Congress of former President Saleh and the Houthi coalition are in negotiations with the Hadi government, which is sponsored by the UN.

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On March 6, the Houthis and the UN come to a resolution regarding the FSO Safer, an abandoned oil tanker in the Red Sea that presented a risk of a significant oil spill.According to the World Food Program, the Russian war on Ukraine is making the humanitarian situation in Yemen worse.As the coalition carries out its strikes against Sanaa and Hodeida, the Houthis persist in their attacks on Saudi oil facilities. GCC-sponsored negotiations between the warring parties in Yemen have started in Riyadh. The Houthis say that they ought to take place in a neutral nation and refuse to take part. On the same day, Saudi Arabia declares that all military operations in Yemen will end on March 30.

During the al-Jawf offensive, Houthi forces take control of the vital city of al-Hazm, and Saudi forces strike Sanaa with an airstrike in retaliation. This happens as the UN calls for keeping the cease-fire in place to stop the COVID-19 pandemic from spreading to Yemen. A $73 million freeze on humanitarian aid to Yemen is announced by the Trump Administration due to concerns that the aid would end up in the hands of the Houthi rebels.

The December attack serves as justification for the Trump Administration's designation of the Houthis as a foreign terrorist organization (FTO). Even now, the Houthis manage to maintain control over 70–80% of Yemen's population, posing a threat to Marib, a stronghold close to the northeastern edge of their sphere of influence.

The STC essentially takes over control of the southern governorates of Aden, Abyan, and Shabwa by August, despite the UAE's announcement that it has finished its troop withdrawal from Yemen. By the end of August, Yemeni government forces en route to Aden to retake control are targeted by airstrikes carried out by UAE forces.

2022

2021

2020

2019