Methods and approaches in language teaching
BY: ISRAEL VALADEZ NONATOLICENCIATURA EN DOCENCIA DEL IDIOMA INGLES TUTOR: GRIZEL RIVERA MARTINEZ
What is meant by methods and approaches?
A teaching method includes the principles of supervision and methods used for the instruction given by teachers to achieve the desired learning of students. These strategies are determined partly by the topic to be taught and partly by the nature of the student.
A method is an application of an approach in the context of language teaching. An approach is a theory about language learning or even a philosophy of how people learn in general. They can be psychologically focused such as behaviorism or cognitivism. They can also be based on older philosophies such as idealism or realism. Language teaching involves approaches that lead to methods, methods that are broken down into procedures, and procedures that are a collection of techniques. Understanding how these concepts interrelate can help a teacher know the reasons behind their choices in how they choose to teach.
Grammar Translation Method
This method was used for the purpose of
helping students to read and appreciate foreign language literature. It was also hoped that through the study of the grammar of the target language1 students would become more familiar with the grammar of their native language and that this familiarity would help them speak and write their native language better. Finally, it was thought that foreign language learning would help students grow intellectually; it was recognized that students would probably never use the target language, but the mental exercise of learning it would be beneficial
Here you can include a relevant data to highlight
The Direct Method has one very basic rule: No translation is allowed. In fact, the Direct Method receives its name from the fact that meaning is to be conveyed directly in the target language through the use of demonstration and visual aids, with no recourse to the students’native language.
whatchu up to John? Are ya stayin busy, because I need the file by noon.
Hey Kesha Lorain. I was just about to send that file over. Don´t worry, I got you covered!
Teachers who use the Direct Method believe students need to associate meaning with the target language directly. In order to do this, when the teacher introduces a new target language word or phrase, he demonstrates its meaning through the use of realia, pictures, or pantomime; he never translates it into the students’ native language. Students speak in the target language a great deal and communicate as if they were in real situations. In fact, the syllabus used in the Direct Method is based upon situations (for example, one unit would consist of language that people would use at a bank, another of the language that they use when going shopping) or topics (such as geography, money, or the weather).
Audio Lengual Method
The Audio-Lingual Is an oral-based approach, this method drills students in the use of grammatical sentence patterns and it has a strong theoretical base in linguistics and psychology. Later in its development, principles from behavioral psychology (Skinner 1957) were incorporated. It was thought that the way to acquire the sentence patterns of the target language was through conditioning— helping learners to respond correctly to stimuli through shaping and reinforcement, so that the learners could overcome the habits of their native language and form the new habits required to be target language speakers.
Music/audio-books
THE SILENT WAY
ENCOURAGES STUDENTS TO SPEAK
The silent way is a methodology of teaching language based on the idea that teachers should be as silent as possible during a class but learners should be encouraged to speak as much as possible. There are three basic principles:
ASSOCIATING
SOUNDS AND COLORS
Relying on what sounds students already know from their knowledge of their native language, teachers lead their students to associate the sounds of the target language with particular colors. Later, these same colors are used to help students learn the spellings that correspond to the sounds (through the color-coded Fidel Charts) and how to read and pronounce words properly (through the color-coded word charts).
DESUGGESTOPEDIA
is an application of the study of suggestion to pedagogy. Desuggest is the opposite of suggest. It is used to eliminate the negative feeling and Suggestopedia is used to reinforce the positive feeling and to release the full mental power.
DESUGGESTOPEDIA: HOW DOES IT WORKS?
The teacher reads the dialogue, matching his/her voice to the rhythm and pitch of the music.
both BRAIN hemispheres get triggered by the sound, music, audios, sound effects or rhythm.
✨ BOOM! students learn to speak!
The teacher presents the dialogue...
COMMUNITY LANGUAGE LEARNING
Teachers consider not only their students’ intellect, but they also have some understanding of the relationship among students’ feelings, physical reactions, instinctive protective reactions, and desire to learn.
Curran was a specialist in counseling and a professor of psychology at Loyola University, Chicago. His application of psychological counseling techniques to learning is known as Counseling-Learning.
Curran studied adult learning for many years. He found that adults often feel threatened by a new learning situation. They are threatened by the change inherent in learning and by the fear that they will appear foolish. Curran believed that a way to deal with the fears of students is for teachers to become language counselors.
🎥
Help students overcome their negative feelings and turn them into positive energy
The teacher helps them express what they want to say by giving them the target language translation in chunks. These chunks are recorded, and when they are replayed, it sounds like a fairly fluid conversation. Later, a transcript is made of the conversation, and native language equivalents are written beneath the target language words.
TBL
Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) and Task-Based Instruction (TBI). Its principal focus is on the completion of meaningful tasks. Such tasks can include creating a poster, producing a newsletter, video, or pamphlet, or designing a map of the school or neighborhood.!
Communicative language teaching
Means to prioritize the development of students' communication and interaction skills. By ensuring that students can communicate effectively and confidently in real-life situations through student-to-student interaction and student-to-teacher interaction.
T P R
Why is technology so important in learning?
When ICT is integrated into lessons, students become more engaged in their work. This is because technology provides different opportunities to make it more fun and enjoyable in terms of teaching the same things in different ways.
Resources
Larsen- Freeman, D. and Anderson, M. (2011). Techniques & principles in language teaching. New York: OXFORD. Retrieved from: https://acasearch.files.wordpress.com/2015/03/techniques-in-language-teaching.pdf https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4e9nBLgp-Mw&t=1s
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Israel Valadez
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Transcript
Methods and approaches in language teaching
BY: ISRAEL VALADEZ NONATOLICENCIATURA EN DOCENCIA DEL IDIOMA INGLES TUTOR: GRIZEL RIVERA MARTINEZ
What is meant by methods and approaches?
A teaching method includes the principles of supervision and methods used for the instruction given by teachers to achieve the desired learning of students. These strategies are determined partly by the topic to be taught and partly by the nature of the student. A method is an application of an approach in the context of language teaching. An approach is a theory about language learning or even a philosophy of how people learn in general. They can be psychologically focused such as behaviorism or cognitivism. They can also be based on older philosophies such as idealism or realism. Language teaching involves approaches that lead to methods, methods that are broken down into procedures, and procedures that are a collection of techniques. Understanding how these concepts interrelate can help a teacher know the reasons behind their choices in how they choose to teach.
Grammar Translation Method
This method was used for the purpose of helping students to read and appreciate foreign language literature. It was also hoped that through the study of the grammar of the target language1 students would become more familiar with the grammar of their native language and that this familiarity would help them speak and write their native language better. Finally, it was thought that foreign language learning would help students grow intellectually; it was recognized that students would probably never use the target language, but the mental exercise of learning it would be beneficial
Here you can include a relevant data to highlight
The Direct Method has one very basic rule: No translation is allowed. In fact, the Direct Method receives its name from the fact that meaning is to be conveyed directly in the target language through the use of demonstration and visual aids, with no recourse to the students’native language.
whatchu up to John? Are ya stayin busy, because I need the file by noon.
Hey Kesha Lorain. I was just about to send that file over. Don´t worry, I got you covered!
Teachers who use the Direct Method believe students need to associate meaning with the target language directly. In order to do this, when the teacher introduces a new target language word or phrase, he demonstrates its meaning through the use of realia, pictures, or pantomime; he never translates it into the students’ native language. Students speak in the target language a great deal and communicate as if they were in real situations. In fact, the syllabus used in the Direct Method is based upon situations (for example, one unit would consist of language that people would use at a bank, another of the language that they use when going shopping) or topics (such as geography, money, or the weather).
Audio Lengual Method
The Audio-Lingual Is an oral-based approach, this method drills students in the use of grammatical sentence patterns and it has a strong theoretical base in linguistics and psychology. Later in its development, principles from behavioral psychology (Skinner 1957) were incorporated. It was thought that the way to acquire the sentence patterns of the target language was through conditioning— helping learners to respond correctly to stimuli through shaping and reinforcement, so that the learners could overcome the habits of their native language and form the new habits required to be target language speakers.
Music/audio-books
THE SILENT WAY
ENCOURAGES STUDENTS TO SPEAK
The silent way is a methodology of teaching language based on the idea that teachers should be as silent as possible during a class but learners should be encouraged to speak as much as possible. There are three basic principles:
ASSOCIATING
SOUNDS AND COLORS
Relying on what sounds students already know from their knowledge of their native language, teachers lead their students to associate the sounds of the target language with particular colors. Later, these same colors are used to help students learn the spellings that correspond to the sounds (through the color-coded Fidel Charts) and how to read and pronounce words properly (through the color-coded word charts).
DESUGGESTOPEDIA
is an application of the study of suggestion to pedagogy. Desuggest is the opposite of suggest. It is used to eliminate the negative feeling and Suggestopedia is used to reinforce the positive feeling and to release the full mental power.
DESUGGESTOPEDIA: HOW DOES IT WORKS?
The teacher reads the dialogue, matching his/her voice to the rhythm and pitch of the music.
both BRAIN hemispheres get triggered by the sound, music, audios, sound effects or rhythm.
✨ BOOM! students learn to speak!
The teacher presents the dialogue...
COMMUNITY LANGUAGE LEARNING
Teachers consider not only their students’ intellect, but they also have some understanding of the relationship among students’ feelings, physical reactions, instinctive protective reactions, and desire to learn.
Curran was a specialist in counseling and a professor of psychology at Loyola University, Chicago. His application of psychological counseling techniques to learning is known as Counseling-Learning.
Curran studied adult learning for many years. He found that adults often feel threatened by a new learning situation. They are threatened by the change inherent in learning and by the fear that they will appear foolish. Curran believed that a way to deal with the fears of students is for teachers to become language counselors.
🎥
Help students overcome their negative feelings and turn them into positive energy
The teacher helps them express what they want to say by giving them the target language translation in chunks. These chunks are recorded, and when they are replayed, it sounds like a fairly fluid conversation. Later, a transcript is made of the conversation, and native language equivalents are written beneath the target language words.
TBL
Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) and Task-Based Instruction (TBI). Its principal focus is on the completion of meaningful tasks. Such tasks can include creating a poster, producing a newsletter, video, or pamphlet, or designing a map of the school or neighborhood.!
Communicative language teaching
Means to prioritize the development of students' communication and interaction skills. By ensuring that students can communicate effectively and confidently in real-life situations through student-to-student interaction and student-to-teacher interaction.
T P R
Why is technology so important in learning?
When ICT is integrated into lessons, students become more engaged in their work. This is because technology provides different opportunities to make it more fun and enjoyable in terms of teaching the same things in different ways.
Resources
Larsen- Freeman, D. and Anderson, M. (2011). Techniques & principles in language teaching. New York: OXFORD. Retrieved from: https://acasearch.files.wordpress.com/2015/03/techniques-in-language-teaching.pdf https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4e9nBLgp-Mw&t=1s