GERUND AND INFINITIVE PRESENTATION

ENGLISH - UNIT 2

GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES

Mónica Montero & Bautista Ramos

1.- BARE INFINITIVE

a.- Use:

1.- We use the bare infinitive after the modal verbs: can, may might and must: .- She can't drive .- I must study. .- It may rain in some minutes. 2.- We also use the bare infinitive after the verbs "make" and "see": .- She saw me climb the stairs. .- He made me do something against my will.

2.- infinitive with to

Uses:

1.- We use the infinitive with to after adjectives: .- She is happy to help her friend. .- It is hard to learn a new language. .- They are excited to attend the concert. .- I am glad to see you again.

2.- infinitive with to

Uses:

2.- We use the infinitive (with to) after most verbs. Some of them are: afford, agree, appear, arrange, ask, attempt, care, choose, claim, come, consent, dare, decide, demand, deserve, determine, elect, expect, fail, get, hate, help, hesitate, hope, hurry, intend, learn, manage, mean, need, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, try, promise, refuse, resolve, say, seem, tend, threaten, want, wish, would like. .- I chose to study English. .- He hopes to pass this text. .- I want to do it.

3.- gerunds

a.- Spelling rules:

• In general you just add have to add -ING to the end of a verb: Eat --> Eating; Work --> Working; Read --> Reading.
• When a verb ends in consonant + E, we remove that E and add ING: Live --> Living; Come --> Coming; Ride --> Riding.
• When a word ends in I + E, we remove the IE from the end and add YING: Die --> Dying; Lie --> Lying; Tie --> Tying.
• When a verb with one syllable ends in consonant + vowel + consonant, we double the final consonant (except if that consonant is W; X or Y) and add ING: Cut --> Cutting; Get --> Getting; Stop --> Stopping.
• When a verb has two or more syllables and ends in a consonant + vowel + consonant and the last syllable IS stressed, we double the final consonant before adding ING: Begin --> Beginning; Forget --> Forgetting, Prefer --> Preferring.

3.- gerunds

b.- Uses:

1.- As a subject: Dancing is her passion. Smoking is unhealthy. Playing board games is fun. Spending time with my family makes me feel good.

3.- gerunds

b.- Uses:

2.- After prepositions: He dreams of being an artist. I am thinking about buying a new car. She is interested in doing it. You are very good at playing chess.

3.- gerunds

b.- Uses:

3.- After certain verbs: Admit, Anticipate, Avoid, Consider, Delay, Detest, Deny, Defer, Dislike, Enjoy, Fancy, Finish, Imagine, Keep, Mind, Miss, Permit, Postpone, Resist, Risk, Suggest. Examples: She suggested going to the cinema. I can't imagine working 12 hours a day. Would you mind closing the door? My father really enjoys listening to music She admitted cheating in the exam.

3.- gerunds

b.- Uses:

4.- After certain expressions: Be / get used to, Be worth, Can't help, Can't stand, Have fun, Feel like, It's no use, Look forward to. Examples: t's worth watching that film. I can't help falling in love is a famous song by Elvis Presley. It's no use worrying about it. We are looking forward to hearing from you. My teacher can't stand making noise while she is explaining.

4.- gerund and infinitive

Some verbs (like, love, prefer, hate, begin, start) can be followed by either gerunds or infinitives and their meaning is exactly the same: - She prefers staying / to stay at home. .- I love playing / to play cards. .- It started raining / to rain.