Copy - Morphology and syntax

Free vs Bound morphemes

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Morphemes

Morphemes

Bound morpheme

Free morpheme

They cannot stand alone as individual words; therefore (affixes).

Those that can stand alone as individual words in a language.

Affixes, suffixes, circumfixes

Lexical morpheme

Functional morpheme

Derivational morpheme

Inflectional morpheme

Changes the word category.

Changes the part of the speech.

conjunctions, prepositions, pronouns, determiners, interjections auxiliars

Nouns Adjectives Verbs Adverbs

FREE MORPHEMES

Functional morpheme

lexical morpheme

vs

Free morpheme

They’re free morphemes that carry the content, the meaning of the messages we say. So they're things like nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs. They're pretty easy to define, and they are open class,.

They don't really provide the content or the meaning of our utterances; instead, these functional morphemes serve a more grammatical role by kind of being the glue that link together words in a sentence. So, these include categories such as prepositions, conjunctions, articles, pronouns even. They're closed class.

"Free morphemes" are those that can stand alone as individual words in a language: Cat, vital, laugh. They are all 1 morpheme, and, of course, they are all individual words. So, there's 2 types of free morphemes. "lexical morphemes" and "functional morphemes”

Ask yourself this: If this morpheme was deleted, would I NOT be able to understand the main message of this sentence?” If the answer is yes, then you have a lexical morpheme. Examples of lexical morphemes: follow, type, look, yellow, act, pick, strange

“If this morpheme was deleted, would I still BE ABLE to understand the main message of this sentence?” If the answer is yes, then you have a functional morpheme.

Determiners

Conjunctions

Nouns

Verbs

Interjections

Prepositions

Adjectives

Adverbs

Auxiliars

Pronouns

Bound morphemes

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vs

Inflectional

Derivational

They don't really create new words, they don't have the possibility of changing the lexical category of a word from one to another; instead, they have to do with the grammar or what's going on inside the word. .

Bound Morphemes

They serve to create new words in a language, and they also have the capacity to change the part of speech or "lexical category" from one to another.If we consider this affixes: "pre-" which is a prefix and we add it to the word "determine", we get "predetermine" is some interesting thing that tell us that is aderivational morphemes in English, is a new word that would have it own dictionary entry separate from that of "determine". Now also if we take, this "-er" suffix ,and we added to the word "teach" now we've got "teacher", which is a noun. a different lexical category, a different part of speech.

They cannot stand alone as individual words; therefore, bound morphemes are affixes.Affixes include things like - prefixes - suffixes - infixes - circumfixes. There are 2 types of bound morphemes

In fact, there are really only 8 inflectional morphemes in English..

plural "s"

Present participle "- ing"

Possesive "-s"

Past participle "-en"

Comparative "-er"

3rd person singular "-s"

Superlative "-est"

Past tense "-ed"

Prefix, root and suffix

Affixes

The word "rabbits” is made from the root “rabbit” and the affix “-s”. Since the “-s” affix in “rabbits” comes after the root, we call it “suffix” If a word has an affix stuck on before the root, it’s called a prefix. As in "kñ"

We can also have a word with several affixes at once, like “untwistable” which has the prefix “un-“, the root “twist” and the suffix “-able”

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