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Standard Model Noveno

Gabriela Cortes Alfo

Created on November 26, 2023

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ELEMENTARY PARTICLES

START

SECTION 01

HISTORY OF THE ATOM

Solid sphere model

Plum pudding model

Quantum model

Planetary model

Nuclear model

Recognised that atoms of a particular element differ from other elements.Atoms aren’t indivisible — they’re composed from subatomic particles.

Recognised electrons as components of atoms. No nucleus, and didn’t explain later experimental observations.

Realised that positive charge was localised in the nucleus of an atom.Did not explain why electrons remain in orbit around the nucleus.

Proposed stable electron orbits; explained the emission spectra of some elements.Moving electrons should emit energy and collapse into the nucleus; model did not work well for heavier atoms.

Shows electrons don’t move around the nucleus in orbits, but in clouds where their position is uncertain. Still widely accepted as the most accurate model of the atom.

Ernest Rutherford1911

Niels Bohr1913

J.J. Thomsom1904

Erwin Schrödinger1926

John Dalton1809

QUARK

+ info

STANDARD MODEL

Gravitational Force: Mutual attraction between masses due to the curvature of space-time.
Electromagnetic Force: Interaction between electric charges that manifests in attractions and repulsions.
Strong Nuclear Force: Force that holds nucleons (protons and neutrons) together in the atomic nucleus.
Weak Nuclear Force: Responsible for certain nuclear decay processes and changes in quarks and leptons (Radioactivity).

PARTICLES

FERMIONS

BOSONS