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Einstein timeline

Chloé Girard

Created on November 26, 2023

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Transcript

EINSTEIN'S LIFE

"I never think of the future, it comes soon enough."- Albert Einstein

1879

Birth

1903

Marriage with Mileva Maric

1905

The "miracle year"

March 1905

Photoelectric effect

May 1905

Existence of atoms

June 1905

The theory of special relativity

September 1905

E = mc^2

1914

Letter to Zurich, denuciating a crime against humanity

1 / 3

EINSTEIN'S LIFE

1915

Theory of general relativity

1919

His theory of general relativity is verified

1919

Divorce with MilevaMarriage with Elsa, his cousin

9th november 1922

Nobel Prize in Physics

1928

Starts suffering from a heart disease

1933

Leaves Germany and emigrates to the U.S.

1939

First letter to Roosevelt

1940

Becomes an American citizen

2 / 3

EINSTEIN'S LIFE

1945

Second letter to Roosevelt

1949

Generalized theory of gravitation

1952

Refuses the Presidency of Israel

1955

Manifesto

18th april 1955

Death

3 / 3

In this letter, he denounces Fritz Haber who used his scientific knowledge to create chemical weapons used during WW1, such as the mustard gas.

On May 29th, 1919, a solar eclipse is observed by the astronomer A.S. Eddington. This event confirms the deflection of light in the Sun’s gravitational field and in this way, one of Einstein’s greatest theories.

On this day, Albert Einstein receives the Nobel Prize in Physics for his “services in theoretical physics and especially for his discovery of the Law of the Photoelectric Effect”.

- Einstein bases his work on Max Plank's theory of the "Quatas"- He concludes that light is a wave AND a flow of particles, which proves Plank's theory - These particle are later renamed "Photons"

1 - The photoelectric effect
Scared of the disastrous effects of nuclear bombs, Einstein and Bertrand Russel write a manifesto calling for disarmament and international cooperation.
Einstein dies at Princetown’s hospital due to an abdominal aortic aneurysm at 76 years old.
As a Jew, Einstein renounces his German citizenship and leaves the country in 1933, due to the rise of Adolf Hitler.
Special relativity

- Special relativity is ultimately a set of equations that relate the way things look in one frame of reference to how they look in another: the stretching of time and space, and the increase of mass. - The Lorentz transformation is the transformation that links the coordinates of one events in two different inertial references in horizontal uniform movement in reference with each other, according to special relativity.

In November 1915, he presents the theory of general relativity at the Prussian Academy of Sciences. To make it simple, it says that masses cause a distortion in spacetime.

Einstein signs a letter written by Leo Szilard. It aims at warning the President that the Germans might be developing an atomic bomb. Since this would constitute a huge danger for the United States (and other countries), they encourage Roosevelt to start developing a nuclear program. This event resulted in the creation of the Manhattan Project.

After the death of Chaim Weizann, President of Israel at this time, Einstein is offered to succeed him. He rejects this proposition, judging that he didn’t possess enough political experience nor the aptitude to interact properly with people. He also considered himself too old for this work.

Einstein sends this letter to the President, trying to dissuade him from using the nuclear bomb. Unfortunately, these bombs will be used for the atomic bomb droppings of Hiroshima (August 6th, 1945) and Nagasaki (August 9th, 1945).

March 14th, 1879 Albert Einstein's birth in Ulm, Germany Mother : Pauline Koch Father : Hermann Einstein In the photo: Albert Einstein, 5 years old

Brownian motion and atoms

- Brownian motion is the random movement of a particle in a medium. - Einstein theorizes that the temperature of a substance is proportional to the average kinetic energy with which the molecules of the substance are moving. - He comes up with an equation explanning the relaltion between molecular movement and the diffusion in a medium - Thus proving that the movement of particules is explained by the atoms that makes up these particules.

Birth of their first child

1901 --> Mileva Maric gets pregnant and leave the ETH Zurich without a diploma. 1902 --> Mileva Maric gives birth to the first of her three children with Albert: Lieserl Einstein

Marriage

1903 --> Marriage (that Einstein's familly refuse) 1904 --> birth of their second child : Hans Albert Einstein 1910 --> birth of their third child : Eduart Tete

In 1949, he publishes his last major physical work, which generalizes the theory of relativity.
The "miracle year"

He publishes four article in the "Annalen der physik" journal, thanks to Max Plank. 1- The photoelectric effect --> the proof that light is a flow of photons 2- Brownian motion --> leads to the proof of the existence of atoms 3- Theory of special relativity --> The Lorentz transformations 4- The mass-energie equivalence (consequence of special relativity) --> E=mc2

- In physics, mass–energy equivalence is the relationship between mass and energy in a system's rest frame.- The formula defines the energy E of a particle in its rest frame as the product of mass (m) with the speed of light squared (c2).