Aerospace Structures

Aerospace Structures

1783-2009

1804

1917

1936

1909

1950

1783

1903

1910

1930

1940

Glider

Fuselages

Semi Monocoque

mono-wing

Modern aircraft

Hot Air Balloon

Flyer 1

Junkers J-1

All-metal aircraft

Composite structure

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Aerospace Structures

1783-2009

1970

2009

1960

2000

Aircraft structures

Boeing 787

Air liners structures

2000's

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19XX

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1783

Hot Air Ballon

In 1783 were inveted the hot ait ballon, The hot air balloon consists of three parts: envelope, basket, and burner system.

1970

Aircraft Strucutres

A steady increase in the use of honeycomb and foam core sandwich components and a wide variety of composite materials characterizes the state of aviation structures from the 1970s to the present.

2000

2000's

Advanced techniques and material combinations have resulted in a gradual shift from aluminum to carbon fiber and other strong, lightweight materials. These new materials are engineered to meet specific performance requirements for various components on the aircraft. Many airframe structures are made of more than 50 percent advanced composites, with some airframes approaching 100 percent.

1903

Flyer 1

In 1903 the Wright Brothers built their successful powered airplane, the structure of the Flyer 1 was composed of wood, fabric and some steel cable.

1804

Glider

The glider was developed and flown for the year 1804 by Sir George Caley. Modern aeroplane design is based on those discoveries and on the importance of cambered wings, this glider was made of wood and fabric.

1930

All-metal aircraft

Larger semi monocoque fuselages were complimented with stress-skin wing designs. Fewer truss and fabric aircraft were built. World War II (WWII) brought about a myriad of aircraft designs using all metal technology. Deep fuel-carrying wings were the norm, but the desire for higher flight speeds prompted the development of thin-winged aircraft in which fuel was carried in the fuselage.

1910

Junkers-1

More powerful engines were developed and airframe structures changed to take advantage of the benefits. In 1910, the German Hugo Junkers was able to build an aircraft with metal truss construction and metal skin due to the availability of stronger powerplants to thrust the plane forward and into the sky. The use of metal instead of wood for the primary structure eliminated the need for external wing braces and wires. His J-1 also had a single set of wings (a monoplane) instead of a stacked set.

1950

Modern aircraft

Refinements to the all-metal semi monocoque fuselage structure were made to increase strength and combat metal fatigue caused by the pressurization-depressurization cycle. Rounded windows and door openings were developed to avoid weak areas where cracks could form. Integrally machined copper alloy aluminum skin resisted cracking and allowed thicker skin and controlled tapering. Chemical milling of wing skin structures provided great strength and smooth high performance surfaces.

1940

Composite Structure

The De Havilland Mosquito, used a balsa wood sandwich material in the construction of the fuselage. The fiberglass radome was also developed during this period. (The Wooden Wonder)

1960

Air Liners Structure

The use of honeycomb constructed panels in Boeing’s airline series saved weight while not compromising strength. Initially, aluminum core with aluminum or fiberglass skin sandwich panels were used on wing panels, flight control surfaces, cabin floor boards, and other applications.

1909

Mono-wing

In 1909, Frenchman Louis Bleriot produced an aircraft with notable design differences. He built a successful mono-wing aircraft. The wings were still supported by wires, but a mast extending above the fuselage enabled the wings to be supported from above, as well as underneath. This made possible the extended wing length needed to lift an aircraft with a single set of wings. Bleriot used a Pratt truss-type fuselage frame.

2009

Boeing 787

The Boeing 787 aircraft is 80% composite by volume. By weight, the material contents is 50% composite, 20% aluminum, 15% titanium, 10% steel, and 5% other. Aluminum is used for the wing and tail leading edges; titanium is used mainly on engines and fasteners, with steel used in various areas. It first flight was in 2009

1917

Fuselages

Truss-type designs faded. A tendency toward cleaner monowing designs prevailed.