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Gramática capítulo 5
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Gramática Capítulo 5
SPAN 101 - Aventuras
Index
Present participle of regular verbs
Estar + conditions and emotions
Irregular present participle
Adjectives describing conditions and emotions
Comparing ser and estar
The present progressive
Direct object nouns and pronouns
Uses of ser
Uses of estar
Chart: direct object pronouns
Estar with conditions and emotions
Gramática 5.1
Estar with conditions and emotions
In Spanish the verb estar is used to talk about how people feel and to say where people, places, and things are located.
Estar is used with adjectives to describe the physical condition of things.
La puerta está cerrada. The door is closed.
Todo está muy limpio Everything is very clean.
¿Cómo estás en este momento?
Práctica
Yo estoy lista para las vacaciones ¿y tú? Conversa con un compañero cómo estás (Use at least four adjectives that describe emotions and conditions)
The Present Progressive
Gramática 5.2
The present progressive
Both Spanish and English use the present progressive, which consists of the present tense of the verb to be and the present participle (the -ing form in Engish).
Los chicos están jugando The kids are playing Los turistas están acampando The tourists are camping
Estoy haciendo las maletas I am packing. ¿Estás mirando la televisión? ¿Are you watching TV?
The present progressive
Form the present progressive with the present tense of estar and a present participle.
ESTAR + PRESENT PARTICIPLE
ESTAR + PRESENT PARTICIPLE
Están cantando They are singing Estamos esperando We are waiting
Estoy comiendo I am eating. Ella está trabajando. She is working
De vacaciones
Complete the description of what everyone is doing right now using the present progressive tense.
1. Yo______________
2. Mi mamá_________________
3. Mi hermana Elena__________________
De vacaciones
Complete the description of what everyone is doing right now using the present progressive tense.
4. Mis hermanos______________
5. Mi papá_________________
6. Mi prima Paula__________________
Irregular present participle
The verbs ir, poder, and venir have irregular present participles (yendo, pudiendo, viniendo). Several other verbs have irregular present participles.
Irregular present participle
The present progressive is used less in Spanish than in English. In Spanish, the present progressive emphasizes that an action is in progress. Ella está escuchando música ahora mismo (right now). She is still listening to music. In English, the present progressive is used with actions that occur over time or in the future. In Spanish, the simple present tense is used. Tomo inglés este semestre I'm taking English this semester.
Comparing ser and estar
Gramática 5.3
Comparing ser and estar
Ser and estar both mean to be, but are used for different purposes.
Práctica
Responde las siguientes preguntas:
¿De dónde eres? ¿Cuál es tu ocupación? ¿Qué hora es? ¿Cómo son tus padres?
Práctica
Responde las siguientes preguntas:
¿Cómo estás hoy? ¿Dónde están tus amigos? ¿Cómo está el día? ¿Cómo están las ventanas? ¿Qué está haciendo Emily ahora mismo?
Ser and estar with adjectives
With many adjectives, both ser and estar can be used, but the meaning changes. statements with ser describe inherent qualities, while estar describes temporary and changeable conditions.
The meaning of some adjectives changes completely depending on whether they are used with ser or estar.