Gramática capítulo 5
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Created on November 20, 2023
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Gramática Capítulo 5
SPAN 101 - Aventuras
Chart: direct object pronouns
Direct object nouns and pronouns
Uses of estar
Uses of ser
Index
Estar + conditions and emotions
Adjectives describing conditions and emotions
The present progressive
Present participle of regular verbs
Irregular present participle
Comparing ser and estar
Estar with conditions and emotions
Gramática 5.1
Todo está muy limpioEverything is very clean.
La puerta está cerrada.The door is closed.
Estar is used with adjectives to describe the physical condition of things.
Estar with conditions and emotions
In Spanish the verb estar is used to talk about how people feel and to say where people, places, and things are located.
Yo estoy lista para las vacaciones ¿y tú?Conversa con un compañero cómo estás (Use at least four adjectives that describe emotions and conditions)
Práctica
¿Cómo estás en este momento?
The Present Progressive
Gramática 5.2
Estoy haciendo las maletasI am packing.¿Estás mirando la televisión?¿Are you watching TV?
Los chicos están jugandoThe kids are playingLos turistas están acampandoThe tourists are camping
The present progressive
Both Spanish and English use the present progressive, which consists of the present tense of the verb to be and the present participle (the -ing form in Engish).
ESTAR + PRESENT PARTICIPLE
ESTAR + PRESENT PARTICIPLE
Estoy comiendoI am eating.Ella está trabajando.She is working
Están cantandoThey are singing Estamos esperandoWe are waiting
The present progressive
Form the present progressive with the present tense of estar and a present participle.
3. Mi hermana Elena__________________
2. Mi mamá_________________
1. Yo______________
De vacaciones
Complete the description of what everyone is doing right now using the present progressive tense.
6. Mi prima Paula__________________
5. Mi papá_________________
4. Mis hermanos______________
De vacaciones
Complete the description of what everyone is doing right now using the present progressive tense.
Irregular present participle
The verbs ir, poder, and venir have irregular present participles (yendo, pudiendo, viniendo). Several other verbs have irregular present participles.
The present progressive is used less in Spanish than in English. In Spanish, the present progressive emphasizes that an action is in progress.Ella está escuchando música ahora mismo (right now). She is still listening to music.In English, the present progressive is used with actions that occur over time or in the future. In Spanish, the simple present tense is used. Tomo inglés este semestreI'm taking English this semester.
Irregular present participle
Comparing ser and estar
Gramática 5.3
Comparing ser and estar
Ser and estar both mean to be, but are used for different purposes.
Responde las siguientes preguntas:
Práctica
¿De dónde eres?¿Cuál es tu ocupación?¿Qué hora es?¿Cómo son tus padres?
Responde las siguientes preguntas:
Práctica
¿Cómo estás hoy?¿Dónde están tus amigos?¿Cómo está el día?¿Cómo están las ventanas?¿Qué está haciendo Emily ahora mismo?
Ser and estar with adjectives
With many adjectives, both ser and estar can be used, but the meaning changes. statements with ser describe inherent qualities, while estar describes temporary and changeable conditions.
The meaning of some adjectives changes completely depending on whether they are used with ser or estar.
Describir:With a partner, take turns describing the people in the drawing without saying their names. Use these questions to guide your descriptions. Your partner has to guess who the person is.
Direct object nouns and pronouns
Gramática 5.4 Cap. 5
Direct object nouns and pronouns
What is a direct object? (¿Qué es un objeto directo?) A direct object noun receives the action of the verb directly and generally follows the verb. In this example, the direct object noun answers the question What is Valentina reading?
Escucho al profesorI am listening to the professor
Marta busca a su perro Lucas.Marta is looking for her dog Lucas
Direct object nouns and pronouns
When a direct object is a person or a pet, it is preceded by the word a. This is called the "personal a" and has no English equivalent.
Direct object nouns and pronouns
Direct object pronouns replace direct object nouns. Like English, Spanish sometimes uses a direct object pronoun to avoid repetition.
E2: Yo _________hago.
2. E1: Yo hago __________
E1: Yo______ tengo.
1. E2: Yo tengo __________
E2: Yo lo monto.
el caballo (masculine noun)
sustituir: replace the direct objet noun with a direct object pronoun.
MODELO: E1: yo monto __________
Práctica
-Sí, la quiero mucho.Yes, I love her very much.
-¿Quieres a tu madre?Do you love your mother?
Direct object nouns and pronouns
It is common to use the direct onject pronoun when the direct object noun has been mentioned before.