Gramática capítulo 5

Gramática Capítulo 5

SPAN 101 - Aventuras

Chart: direct object pronouns

Direct object nouns and pronouns

Uses of estar

Uses of ser

Index

Estar + conditions and emotions

Adjectives describing conditions and emotions

The present progressive

Present participle of regular verbs

Irregular present participle

Comparing ser and estar

Estar with conditions and emotions

Gramática 5.1

Todo está muy limpioEverything is very clean.

La puerta está cerrada.The door is closed.

Estar is used with adjectives to describe the physical condition of things.

Estar with conditions and emotions

In Spanish the verb estar is used to talk about how people feel and to say where people, places, and things are located.

Yo estoy lista para las vacaciones ¿y tú?Conversa con un compañero cómo estás (Use at least four adjectives that describe emotions and conditions)

Práctica

¿Cómo estás en este momento?

The Present Progressive

Gramática 5.2

Estoy haciendo las maletasI am packing.¿Estás mirando la televisión?¿Are you watching TV?

Los chicos están jugandoThe kids are playingLos turistas están acampandoThe tourists are camping

The present progressive

Both Spanish and English use the present progressive, which consists of the present tense of the verb to be and the present participle (the -ing form in Engish).

ESTAR + PRESENT PARTICIPLE

ESTAR + PRESENT PARTICIPLE

Estoy comiendoI am eating.Ella está trabajando.She is working

Están cantandoThey are singing Estamos esperandoWe are waiting

The present progressive

Form the present progressive with the present tense of estar and a present participle.

3. Mi hermana Elena__________________

2. Mi mamá_________________

1. Yo______________

De vacaciones

Complete the description of what everyone is doing right now using the present progressive tense.

6. Mi prima Paula__________________

5. Mi papá_________________

4. Mis hermanos______________

De vacaciones

Complete the description of what everyone is doing right now using the present progressive tense.

Irregular present participle

The verbs ir, poder, and venir have irregular present participles (yendo, pudiendo, viniendo). Several other verbs have irregular present participles.

The present progressive is used less in Spanish than in English. In Spanish, the present progressive emphasizes that an action is in progress.Ella está escuchando música ahora mismo (right now). She is still listening to music.In English, the present progressive is used with actions that occur over time or in the future. In Spanish, the simple present tense is used. Tomo inglés este semestreI'm taking English this semester.

Irregular present participle

Comparing ser and estar

Gramática 5.3

Comparing ser and estar

Ser and estar both mean to be, but are used for different purposes.

Responde las siguientes preguntas:

Práctica

¿De dónde eres?¿Cuál es tu ocupación?¿Qué hora es?¿Cómo son tus padres?

Responde las siguientes preguntas:

Práctica

¿Cómo estás hoy?¿Dónde están tus amigos?¿Cómo está el día?¿Cómo están las ventanas?¿Qué está haciendo Emily ahora mismo?

Ser and estar with adjectives

With many adjectives, both ser and estar can be used, but the meaning changes. statements with ser describe inherent qualities, while estar describes temporary and changeable conditions.

The meaning of some adjectives changes completely depending on whether they are used with ser or estar.

Describir:With a partner, take turns describing the people in the drawing without saying their names. Use these questions to guide your descriptions. Your partner has to guess who the person is.

Direct object nouns and pronouns

Gramática 5.4 Cap. 5

Direct object nouns and pronouns

What is a direct object? (¿Qué es un objeto directo?) A direct object noun receives the action of the verb directly and generally follows the verb. In this example, the direct object noun answers the question What is Valentina reading?

Escucho al profesorI am listening to the professor

Marta busca a su perro Lucas.Marta is looking for her dog Lucas

Direct object nouns and pronouns

When a direct object is a person or a pet, it is preceded by the word a. This is called the "personal a" and has no English equivalent.

Direct object nouns and pronouns

Direct object pronouns replace direct object nouns. Like English, Spanish sometimes uses a direct object pronoun to avoid repetition.

E2: Yo _________hago.

2. E1: Yo hago __________

E1: Yo______ tengo.

1. E2: Yo tengo __________

E2: Yo lo monto.

el caballo (masculine noun)

sustituir: replace the direct objet noun with a direct object pronoun.

MODELO: E1: yo monto __________

Práctica

-Sí, la quiero mucho.Yes, I love her very much.

-¿Quieres a tu madre?Do you love your mother?

Direct object nouns and pronouns

It is common to use the direct onject pronoun when the direct object noun has been mentioned before.

In affirmative sentences and affirmative questions, direct object pronouns generally appear before the conjugated verb. In negative sentences and negative questions, the pronoun is placed between the word no and the verbs.

Direct object nouns and pronouns

In the present progressive and infinitive constructions, such as ir a + [infinitive], the direct object pronoun can be placed before the conjugated form or attached to the present participle or infinitive.

Direct object nouns and pronouns