Constructivism
Constructivism has roots with many theorists, including Piaget, Bruner, and Goodman. While constructivism can be classified as cognitivism, it is based in more of a philisophical realm rather that phsycological. It states that learning is unique to the individual based on creating their own meaningful experiences. It discussed that background knowledge is unique, and the learning that occurs is based on content that the individual finds meaningful. Because of this, this theory suggests that memory is constantly under construction as we are constantly encountering new and meaningful experiences that will shape our learning (Medsker, Ertmer & Newby, 2013). The best type of learning based on constructivism is project based learning. Learners are able to use their own backgrown knowledge and meaningful memories to create their own meaning of the content (Loveless, 2023). This is represented by the Legos. We know that when children play with legos their final products will differ based on their own thoughs and ideas. No two lego houses will be the same if the child is able to construct to their desire.
Cognitivism
Cognitivism is majorly contributed to Wolfgang Kohler and Jean Piaget. Cognitivism is stated as believing that learning happens when a student is able to connect information they already in order to solve problems and find solutions (Loveless, 2023). As opposed to behaviorism, memory plays an important role in cognitivism. Learning happens when information is stored in the memory in a mannor that is meaningful and organized. At this point transfer, or connecting prior knowledge to a new situtatuon, can occur. This is shown through problem-solving, higher order thinking, and concept formation (Medsker, Ertmet, & Newby, 2013). This is shown on this image as a complex math problem. In order to solve complex problems like this, one needs to access their background knowledge on mathmatics and apply it in new ways.
Behaviorism
While many have contributed to the Behaviorist learning theory, such as Ivan Pavlov, Edward Lee Thorndike, and B.F. Skinner, the leading theorist is John. B. Watson. Behaviorism theory suggests that behavior is learned, and such, knowledge is external. Learning happens through repetition, verbal reinforcement, and incentives such as this marble jar (Loveless, 2023). Behaviorism does not discuss the role of memory much, as the theory states that learning stems mostly from repetition, review, and practice, and occurs when an appropriate responce follows a stimulus. This theory suggests that the best types of learning recalling facts, defining concepts, and automaticity. This would suggest that the use of flashcards and rote memorization would be used (Medsker, Ertmer, & Newby, 2013).
Learning Theories
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Created on November 16, 2023
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Transcript
Constructivism
Constructivism has roots with many theorists, including Piaget, Bruner, and Goodman. While constructivism can be classified as cognitivism, it is based in more of a philisophical realm rather that phsycological. It states that learning is unique to the individual based on creating their own meaningful experiences. It discussed that background knowledge is unique, and the learning that occurs is based on content that the individual finds meaningful. Because of this, this theory suggests that memory is constantly under construction as we are constantly encountering new and meaningful experiences that will shape our learning (Medsker, Ertmer & Newby, 2013). The best type of learning based on constructivism is project based learning. Learners are able to use their own backgrown knowledge and meaningful memories to create their own meaning of the content (Loveless, 2023). This is represented by the Legos. We know that when children play with legos their final products will differ based on their own thoughs and ideas. No two lego houses will be the same if the child is able to construct to their desire.
Cognitivism
Cognitivism is majorly contributed to Wolfgang Kohler and Jean Piaget. Cognitivism is stated as believing that learning happens when a student is able to connect information they already in order to solve problems and find solutions (Loveless, 2023). As opposed to behaviorism, memory plays an important role in cognitivism. Learning happens when information is stored in the memory in a mannor that is meaningful and organized. At this point transfer, or connecting prior knowledge to a new situtatuon, can occur. This is shown through problem-solving, higher order thinking, and concept formation (Medsker, Ertmet, & Newby, 2013). This is shown on this image as a complex math problem. In order to solve complex problems like this, one needs to access their background knowledge on mathmatics and apply it in new ways.
Behaviorism
While many have contributed to the Behaviorist learning theory, such as Ivan Pavlov, Edward Lee Thorndike, and B.F. Skinner, the leading theorist is John. B. Watson. Behaviorism theory suggests that behavior is learned, and such, knowledge is external. Learning happens through repetition, verbal reinforcement, and incentives such as this marble jar (Loveless, 2023). Behaviorism does not discuss the role of memory much, as the theory states that learning stems mostly from repetition, review, and practice, and occurs when an appropriate responce follows a stimulus. This theory suggests that the best types of learning recalling facts, defining concepts, and automaticity. This would suggest that the use of flashcards and rote memorization would be used (Medsker, Ertmer, & Newby, 2013).