Learning Theories
Brett Wilcox
Created on November 15, 2023
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Transcript
Behaviorism
Constructivism
Cognitivism
Gould, 2023 Graham, 2019) (Ornstein & Hunkins, 2017)
Operant conditioning Classical conditioning Observation Learning
Types of Learning
Stimuli in the environment as well as rewards and consiquences mold behavior through operant conditioning
How Learning Occurs
Memory plays a huge role in operant conditioning by allowing the individual to remember what behaviors will be rewarded and what behaviors will be punished.
The Role of Memory
Behaviors are learned Behaviors are stimulus specific Behaviors can be taught, changed, and modified
Major Characteristics
Watson, Thorndike, Pavlov, Guthrie, Hull, Skinner
Major Theorists
Behaviorism
Gould, 2023(Ornstein & Hunkins, 2017)
Explicit, Implicit, Emotional, Observational
The brain retains information through experiences, senses and thought. Knowledge is an internal process rather than a product.
Short term – immediate memory (about 30 seconds)Working memory (flexible chunks of information to be used) Long term - Semantic (why things are the way they are) Procedural (Why humans do what we do)
Learning must be purposeful and focused. Learning must be self-directed. Learning must come from analysis Students use schema to organize and encode
Koffka, Kohler, Lewin, Piaget, Ausubel, Bruner, Gagne
Types of Learning
Major Characteristics
Major Theorists
Role of Memory
How Learning Occurs
Cognitivism
(Gould, 2023)(Ormrod et al., 2009, p. 221) (Ornstein & Hunkins, 2017)
Reciprocal learning, Inquiry-based learning, Research, Problem-based learning
As students compile their own knowledge and understanding of the world, they will reflect on themselves and the world to interpret and interact. Learners must use their understanding of the world to mold their cognitive processes.
Dewey, Piaget, Bruner
“Constructivist theory has not dealt explicitly with memory. The basic principles of constructivism suggest that learners are more apt to remember information if their constructions are personally meaningful to them” (Ormrod et al., 2009, p. 221)
Learners are active in constructing their own knowledge rather than passively taking in information. As learners experience the world, they use experiences to reflect and build their own representations and knowledge.