UNIT 2: RENAISSANCE

Renaissance

Index

Musical instruments

Introduction

Connections

Musical characteristics

Musical language

Religious music

Auditions

Secular music

Games

Introduction& historical context

Introduction

Let's play...

"Crumple and shoot"

Quizlet

Spin the wheel

Introduction

Renaissance covers from 15th to 16th century. But remember: in music starts earlier, in 14th century! It marks the starting of the MODERN ERA.

Introduction

To get the first approach Let's watch the video...

& complete the quiz

Introduction

EX. 1.

Write the chronological limits of the Renaissance:

In History In Music 15th c. to 16th century From 14th c. to 16th c.

Introduction

Let's get to know a bit more of Renaissance art...

Historical & culturalcontext

No more Feudal system

Humanism

Classical Antiquity

Historical & culturalcontext

No more Feudal system

A new social class arrived...

Historical & culturalcontext

Classical inspiration

Back to Greece and Rome. They inspired painting, sculpture, arquitecture...

Forum in Rome

"School of Athens" by Raphael

Historical & culturalcontext

Classical inspiration

Back to Greece and Rome. They inspired painting, sculpture, arquitecture...

Caesaraugusto (Roman emperor)

"David" by Michelangelo

Historical & culturalcontext

Classical inspiration

... but in MUSIC this inspiration came so late (with the OPERA in 1600) because music had no models to imitate. How did Ancient Greece music sound like? "Seikilos epitaph" was discovered in 19th century!

Historical & culturalcontext

Humanism

Middle Ages Theocentrism (God is the centre) replaced by...

Renaissance Humanism (Human being is the centre)

Historical & culturalcontext

Humanism

This intelectual current is responsible for milestones such as

INVENTIONS

Printing press (Gutemberg)

"Birth of Venus" by Boticelli

DISCOVERIES

America (1492)

ART

by Leonardo Da Vinci

Historical & culturalcontext

Lorenzo de Médici

Humanism

Arts, discoveries and inventions were possible thanks to the PATRONS: Bourgeoisie people that sponsored artists and scientists.

Historical & culturalcontext

"ART FOR ART'S SAKE": During Renaissance art has no longer didactic purposes as in Middle Ages. Now is looking for beauty and is created for the pleasure of the senses.

Historical & culturalcontext

EX. 2.

Bourgeoisie

What new social class emerged during this period?

... and what social class of the Feudal System Pyramid did they derive from?

Peasants (Merchants)

This social class used to be patrons for the artists. Define “patron”:

EX. 3.

Bourgeoisie people who gave money to the artists to support them.

Mecenas

and write its Spanish equivalent:

Historical & culturalcontext

CONTEXT

EX. 4.

What does the expression "art for art's sake" mean?

Art is no longer didactic, it's looking for beauty and is created for the pleasure of the senses.

Ancient Greece and Rome (the Classics)

EX. 5.

What was the main source of inspiration for the Renaissance artists?

Musical characteristics

CLICK ON THE "+" BUTTON TO LISTEN TO THE AUDITIONS

Characteristics

1. Music humani zed (more human)

1. Music humanized (more human)

2. Music is ca lm, balanced, elegant

2. Music is calm, balanced, elegant

2. Music is ca lm, balanced, elegant

3. Development of polyphony (textures)

3. Development of polyphony (textures)

4. Modern scales

3. Development of polyphony (textures)

5. Defined and regular rhythm

1. Music humani zed (more human)

Religious music

Religious music

Western Schism

Let's get a first approach with ...

THE SIMPSONS !

Religious music

Western Schism

The music was different depending on each religion:

CHORALE

MASS

ANTHEM

Lutheran Church

Catholic Church

Anglican Church

Leon X Martin Luther Henry VIII

Religious music

EX. 6.

Fill in the next table:

TWO RELIGIONS MAIN MUS. CHARACTERISTICS MAIN MUS. FORMS Lutheran music Catholic music

Simple texture: homophony, own language Chorale Complex texture: counterpoint, Latin Motet and mass

Secular music

Secular music

Villancico Chanson Madrigal

Opera

Dances

Variations

Religious music

EX. 7.

Fill in the table about the main Renaissance forms:

MUSICAL FORM SECULAR/RELIG. NATIONALITY TEXTURE

Chanson Secular French Counterpoint Motete Religious Spanish, Italian (Latin) Counterpoint Villancico Secular Spanish Homophony Chorale Religious German Homophony Dances Secular Several Homophony Mass Religious Spanish, Italian (Latin) Counterpoint Madrigal Secular Italian Melody dom. homophony Anthem Religious English Homophony Opera Secular Italian Melody dom.homophony Variations Secular Spanish Melody dom. homophony

Musical instruments

Musical instruments

Religious music

EX. 8.

Look at the instruments in the presentation and classify them in the following categories:

HIGH MUSIC LOW MUSIC

LONG TABOR, SACKBUT, CORNETTO

LUTE, VIHUELA, CITARRONE, HARPSICHORD, VIOLA DA GAMBA, CHALUMEAU, VIOLA DA BRACCIO, HARP. DULCIAN

(brass + percussion) (woodwind + string)

Connections

Connections

MUSICALS

A musical is a kind of modern opera, because is a thatre play full of music.

WORLD PREMIERE!

Most popular

Broadway

Disney

Off- Broadway

Polemical

A special connection

Connections

OFF- BROADWAY

BROADWAY

"Les miserables" is the most popular musical ever and is a proper opera, is entirely sung.

Connections

DOUBLE CONNECTION

SIX

SIX

Monkey Christ

Monkey Christ

Connections

EX. 9.

What was the most polemical musical and why?:

It was "Hair" because actors and actresses were naked on stage in one scene and the plot criticizes Vietnam war.

EX. 10.

Who was the composer of "West side story". And who was the composer whose musicals have been on stage the longest?

Leonard Bernstein composed "West side story". Claude-Michel Schönberg composed "Les miserables".

Connections

Explain both:

EX. 11.

Most famous musicals staged in the 40 theatres of Broadway Avenue in New York.

Less commercial and lower-budget musicals performed in 40 small theatres in Manhattan.

BROADWAY OFF BROADWAY

Musical Language

Musical Language

Texture

It is the way different melodic lines are combined in a piece of music.

like layers in a dessert

like threads in a fabric

Musical Language

MONOPHONY

POLYPHONY

Homophony

Musical Language

Counterpoint

POLYPHONIC TEXTURES

Melody dominated homophony

Musical Language

EX. 12.

Define what is musical texture:

The way different melodic lines are combined in a piece of music.

EX. 13.

Name: What are the two big cathegories within textures?

MONOPHONY AND POLYPHONY

Musical Language

Look at these polyphonic scores. Tell which is homophony and which is counterpoint:

EX. 14.

Homophony Counterpoint

Let's practice textures with Rosalía:

Melody dominated homophony

"Berghain"

Monophony

"La perla"

Homophony

"Berghain"

Counterpoint

"Bagdag"

Keep practicing textures with Queen:

CLICK ON THE TITLES & IMAGES

"We will rock you"

Monophony

"Love of my life"

Melody dominated homophony

Counterpoint

"Under pressure"

"Bohemian rhapsody"

Homophony

Musical Language

EX. 15.

Listen and classify according to the type of texture, marking with an X:

AUDITION MONOPHONY POLYPHONY

HOMOPHONY COUNTERPOINT

MELODY DOMIN. HOMOPHONY

N. 1 N. 2 N. 3 N. 4

Musical Language

EX. 16.

Find the words in the alphabet soup:

HUMANISM ANTHEM VARIATIONS THEOCENTRISM CHORALE BROADWAY BOURGEOISIE VILLANCICO MONOPHONY POLYPHONY OPERA COUNTERPOINT HOMOPHONY

AUDITIONS

1.CATHOLIC MASS

2. lutheran cHorale

RENAISSANCE AUDITIONS

CLICK ON THE TITLE TO SEE THE INFO...

5.CHANSON

3. VILLANCICO

4. PAVANE

7. VARIATIONS

6. OPERA

Games

Back to the beginning

MASS: A RELIGIOUS FORM FOR THE LITURGY, IS SUNG IN LATIN AND ITS TEXTURE IS COUNTERPOINT. COMMON PEOPLE CAN NOT SING A MASS AND BE PART OF THE CEREMONY.

COUNTERPOINT: Several different melodies with the different rhythm.

The Off-Broadway musicals are low-budget (low money investment) projects, more alternative, creative and humoristic most of the time.

"Variaciones sobre la canción Guárdame las vacas"COMPOSER: Luis de Narváez GENRE: Secular/Instrumental. FORM: Variations. TEXTURE: Melody-dominated homophony. DEALS WITH: the original song talked about love, the Narváez's instrumental version has no lyrics.

This musical was polemical because was a fight against Vietnam war and also because a scene where the actors were naked on stage.

"Es ist ein ros entsprungen" COMPOSER: Michael Praetorius GENRE: Vocal and religious. FORM: Protestant chorale. TEXTURE: Homophony. DEALS WITH: pray to the Virgin Mary.

"Papa Marcello Mass" (Kyrie) COMPOSER: G. P. Palestrina GENRE: Vocal and religious. FORM: Catholic mass. TEXTURE: Counterpoint. DEALS WITH: religion.

The 1st example (audition n.5) is a French chanson that has a marked and so fast rhythm.

The 2nd example (audition n.6) is an Italian opera that has parts that are so rhythmical, ment to be dance.

"Il est bel et bon" COMPOSER: Pierre Passereau GENRE: vocal and secular. FORM: Chanson. TEXTURE: Counterpoint. DEALS WITH:she loves her husband because "he is beautiful and he is good because he doesn't hit her"...

CHANSON: POPULAR FRENCH VOCAL FORM. DIFFICULT TO SING BECAUSE OF ITS COMPLEX TEXTURE: COUNTERPOINT

MELODY DOMINATED HOMOPHONY: One melody is the protagonist with chords as an accompaniment.

VILLANCICO: POPULAR SPANISH SONG, SO FUN AND RHYTHMICAL, TALKS ABOUT COMMON PEOPLE ISSUES SUCH AS HUNGER, POVERTY, LOVE, LIFE, DEATH...EASY TO SING BECAUSE ITS TEXTURE: HOMOPHONY

OPERA: A THEATRE PLAY ENTIRELY SUNG, IT WAS CREATED AS A WAY FOR MUSICIANS TO IMITATE ANCIENT GREECE MUSIC AT THE END OF THE RENAISSANCE

"Orfeo" (Vi ricorda o boschi ombrosi)COMPOSER: Claudio Monteverdi GENRE: vocal and secular. FORM: Opera. TEXTURE: Melody-dominated homophony. DEALS WITH: Greek myth of Orfeo, who went to the underworld looking for his dead love, Euridice.

This example is the audition num.1 , a Catholic mass "For the Pope Marcello" that is written in counterpoint texture.

"The lion king" is the king of the Disney musicals. It staging, costumes, artistic production are amazing.

ANTHEM: IT IS LIKE A GERMAN CHORALE (SAME CHARACTERISTICS) BUT IN ENGLISH.

HOMOPHONY: Several different melodies with the same rhythm.

"Belle qui tiens ma vie" COMPOSER: Thoinot Arbeau GENRE: vocal and secular. FORM: pavane (dance). TEXTURE: homophony. DEALS WITH: love.

Dozens of people singing along to the same tune...

This example is the audition num.7 , a Spanish variations that sounds closer to our modern music, because is using a modern scale.

MASS: A RELIGIOUS FORM FOR THE LITURGY, IS SUNG IN LATIN AND ITS TEXTURE IS COUNTERPOINT. COMMON PEOPLE CAN NOT SING A MASS AND BE PART OF THE CEREMONY.

ANTHEM: IT IS LIKE A GERMAN CHORALE (SAME CHARACTERISTICS) BUT IN ENGLISH.

This example is the audition num.1 , a Catholic mass that is written in a complex texture: counterpoint.

"Les miserables" is also one of the most successful and one of the classics. It is entirely sung, there are no dialogs!

This example (audition n.4) is a pavane, an originally Spanish dance that is so elegant and calm.

"Hoy comamos y bebamos" COMPOSER: Juan del Enzina GENRE: Secular/Vocal. FORM: Villancico. TEXTURE: Homophony. DEALS WITH: make the most of the moment! Carpe Diem!

This is one of the most famous and successful musicals of all times. This is the film version of 2019 with Taylor Swift as a protagonist.

The 1st example (audition n.2) is a German chorale that is not yet in Latin and is easy to sing, because its texture is homophony.

The 2nd example (audition n.3) is a Spanish villancico that talks about human interests: let's make the most of the moment.(Carpe Diem)

"Six" is a British musical that tells the story of the unfortunated 6 wives of Henry VIII, king of England during 16th century.

The first example is the audition num.2 , a German chorale "Es ist ein ros sprungen" that is not yet in Latin and is easy to sing, because its texture is homophony.

The second example is the audition num.3 , a Spanish villancico "Hoy comamos y bebamos" that talks about human interests: let's make the most of the moment.(Carpe Diem)

This example (audition n.4) is a pavane in French. This dance was originated in Spain, and it is so refine and calm. Renaissance is elegant, but also a bit inexpressive!

In this choir they sing different melodies (2' 38'')

CHORALE: A RELIGIOUS LUTHERAN FORM FOR THE LITURGY, IS SUNG IN GERMAN AND ITS TEXTURE IS HOMOPHONY. COMMON PEOPLE CAN SING ALL TOGETHER AND BE PART OF THE CEREMONY.

MADRIGAL: SO EXPRESSIVE ITALIAN SONG THAT WAS THE ORIGIN OF THE ITALIAN OPERA AT THE END OF RENAISSANCE. TEXTURE: MELODY DOMINATED HOMOPHONY

CHORALE: A RELIGIOUS LUTHERAN FORM FOR THE LITURGY, IS SUNG IN GERMAN AND ITS TEXTURE IS HOMOPHONY. COMMON PEOPLE CAN SING ALL TOGETHER AND BE PART OF THE CEREMONY.