Relative Adverbs

Relative adverbs

LET'S GO DEEPER !!!!

INDEX

Relative Adverbs

Coordinating Relative Clauses

Whatever, Whichever

Present Participles

RELATIVE ADVERBS

WEREN'T THEY PRONOUNS????

RELATIVE ADVERBS

WHY

WHERE

WHEN

We use the relative adverbs when, where and why in relative clauses, to refer to time, place and reason. We can use when and where in both defining and non-defining relative clauses. Why is only used in defining relative clauses.

RELATIVE ADVERBS

In defining relative clauses, we can use that instead of when and why (but not where):

WHEN

WHY

That was the year when/that my parents got married.

That’s the reason why/that I didn’t want her to know!

RELATIVE ADVERBS

In defining relative clauses, we can use a preposition and which instead of a relative adverb:

WHERE

PREP + WHICH

VS

That’s the factory in which they make chemicals.

That’s the factory where they make chemicals.

That’s the factory (which) they make chemicals in.

COORDINATING RELATIVE CLAUSES

WHAT????

COORDINATED CLAUSES

Coordinating relative clauses always come after the main clause, and are separated from it with a comma.

I decided to join them, which was a had idea.

In coordinating relative clauses, which refers to the whole main clause.

She lied to him, which made him furious. (= which refers to She had lied to him.)

whatever, whichever, etc.

WHEN WILL THIS END?

We use whatever whichever, whoever, wherever and whenever to talk about a person, thing, place, etc., when it does not matter who, what, which, etc. Whichever usually comes before a noun; whatever, whoever, wherever and whenever usually come before a clause:

PRESENT PARTICIPLES

WTF?

PRESENT PARTICIPLE

We use present participles (the -ing form of a verb):

° to replace a relative clause:

Anyone who arrives late will not be admitted. —► Anyone arriving late will not be admitted.

to replace and + a coordinate clause.

She stood there and w aited for him to turn up. —► She stood there, waiting for him to turn up.

LET'S PRACTICE

AGAIN???

REPHRASING

It was a mistake for which they have already apologised.

Maths is a subject in which she has little interest.

Our cat is called William. We’ve had him for five years.

REPHRASING

The castle was built in the sixteenth century. It’s the oldest building in our town.

That was the year when I was born (in)

Did Samantha find her purse? She lost it last night.

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