MULTI-PATHS DESKTOP PRESENTATION

Baran Koc

Can you catch cancer?andCan this be prevented? HPV vaccine and cervical cancer

Via GIPHY

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Cancer is a disease by which some cells go rouge leading to uncontrolled growth and metastasis (spread)

Cancer

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Chris LeBoutillier

of these

Mixture

BRCA1/2 mutatione.g., breast cancer

Chance

Inheritance of genetics

Exposure

Can you catch cancer?

Baran Koc

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and Cervical Cancer

HPV refers to a large group of viruses which are spread through intimate skin to skin contact.Many HPV infections go away with no intervention while some can lead to serious health issues from warts to increased risk of cancers such as cervical cancer.Long lasting HPV infection with a high risk type (HPV 16 and HPV 18) can increase the risk of cervical cancer due to their ability to integrate into the host genome and cause further damage High risk HPV 16 and HPV 18 cause about 70% of all cervical cancer cases (WHO 2022)10.1128/CMR.16.1.1-17.2003

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Main drivers for cervical cancer is the proteins E6 and E7 genes, regulated by protein E2.HPV Integration into the host genome and subsequent loss of ​loss of E2 leads to oncogenesis

Burd. E., 2023

HIGH RISK HPV

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Image by upklyak on Freepik

Image by brgfx on Freepik

Image by brgfx on Freepik

Alexander Spatari/Moment RF

Burgular damages house

Burgular: HPV

The city: Human Body

House: cell

Using a city analogy...

Baran Koc

Soca Gallego L, Dominguez A, Parmar M. Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine. [Updated 2023 Jan 17]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562186/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/hpv-universal-vaccination-guidance-for-health-professionals/hpv-vaccination-guidance-for-healthcare-practitioners

• Getting vaccinated against HPV can decrease the chances of getting HPV related cancers.

• In the UK, the NHS recommends vaccination for:

- children 12-13 years - Men under 45 who have sex with Men -People who have increased protential exposure to HPV

• In the UK,e the Gardasil 9 (Merck Inc.) 9vHPV (nine-valent vaccine) is offered which targets 9 HPV types (6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58)

HPV Vaccination

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britpopreunion

by barnawi on Adobe stock

Stephen Bredenkamp

Exposure: Final performance

Vaccination : script

further doses: Rehersal

How does the vaccine work?

HPV vaccines contain virus-like particles (VLPs) formed by HPV surface components which closely resemble the natural virus and illicit an immune response (NIH 2021). AN ANALOGY...

Baran Koc

Key points to take away:

• Cancer occurs when cells go rouge, divide uncontrollably and move around the body.

• No, you cannot catch cancer !!!

(Cancer is not transmittable and itself inheritable)

• The HPV vaccination doesn't 100% prevent you from getting cervical cancer (just decreases your chances).

The Square Mile is an intriguing mix of the very old and the gleaming new CREDIT: Alexander Spatari/Moment RF (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/united-kingdom/england/london/quiet-corner-london-wrongly-overlooked-tourists/)<a href="https://www.freepik.com/free-vector/various-houses_4291104.htm#query=cartoon%20houses&position=31&from_view=keyword&track=ais&uuid=a6e9ade2-560c-4b11-bce2-fd051b35635f">Image by brgfx</a> on Freepik<a href="https://www.freepik.com/free-vector/old-broken-living-room-interior-abandoned-house_38161547.htm#query=damage%20house&position=14&from_view=search&track=ais&uuid=42cfd543-6a68-46f8-99da-e9c7e8e3f0c7">Image by upklyak</a> on Freepik

Slide 6

Soca Gallego L, Dominguez A, Parmar M. Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine. [Updated 2023 Jan 17]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562186/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/hpv-universal-vaccination-guidance-for-health-professionals/hpv-vaccination-guidance-for-healthcare-practitioners

Burd EM. Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2003 Jan;16(1):1-17. doi: 10.1128/CMR.16.1.1-17.2003. PMID: 12525422; PMCID: PMC145302.Williams VM, Filippova M, Soto U, Duerksen-Hughes PJ. HPV-DNA integration and carcinogenesis: putative roles for inflammation and oxidative stress. Future Virol. 2011 Jan 1;6(1):45-57. doi: 10.2217/fvl.10.73. PMID: 21318095; PMCID: PMC3037184.

Slide 4Donà, M.G., Di Bonito, P., Chiantore, M.V., Amici, C. and Accardi, L., 2021. Targeting human papillomavirus-associated cancer by oncoprotein-specific recombinant antibodies. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(17), p.9143.(NHS- Human papillomavirus (HPV)) https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/human-papilloma-virus hpv/#:~:text=Testing%20for%20human%20papillomavirus%20(HPV)&text=Screening%20is%20offered%20to%20all,who%20have%20sex%20with%20men.

Slide 2:Image from Giphy: https://gizmodo.com.au/2015/07/did-an-australian-university-just-say-wi-fi-gives-you-and-your-kids-cancer/

Slide 8NIH 2021: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/infectious-agents/hpv-vaccine-fact-sheet#:~:text=Like%20other%20immunizations%20that%20guard,formed%20by%20HPV%20surface%20components.

Slide 7

Slide 5

Slide 3Image of factory polution by Chris LeBoutillier uploaded on Unsplash: https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1611270418597-a6c77f4b7271?q=80&w=2798&auto=format&fit=crop&ixlib=rb-4.0.3&ixid=M3wxMjA3fDB8MHxwaG90by1wYWdlfHx8fGVufDB8fHx8fA%3D%3D

References:

Falcaro, M., Castañon, A., Ndlela, B., Checchi, M., Soldan, K., Lopez-Bernal, J., Elliss-Brookes, L. and Sasieni, P. (2021). The effects of the national HPV vaccination programme in England, UK, on cervical cancer and grade 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia incidence: a register-based observational study. The Lancet, 0(0). doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02178-4.

Bivalent Ceravix HPV vaccine introduced in UK 1st september 2008

Girls (1935)/ Boys (664) aged 9-15 yearsStudy addessed immunogenisity, effectiveness and safety 10 years after a 3 dose regemin Key points:Persistance seen after the 10 year period ->80% participants had serum positivity for each HPV type after the 10 year periodVaccine showed durable immunogenisity and effectiveness during 10 years of follow up

Restrepo J, Herrera T, Samakoses R, Reina JC, Pitisuttithum P, Ulied A, Bekker LG, Moreira ED, Olsson SE, Block SL, Hammes LS, Laginha F, Ferenczy A, Kurman R, Ronnett BM, Stoler M, Bautista O, Gallagher NE, Salituro G, Ye M, Luxembourg A. Ten-Year Follow-up of 9-Valent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine: Immunogenicity, Effectiveness, and Safety. Pediatrics. 2023 Oct 1;152(4):e2022060993. doi: 10.1542/peds.2022-060993. PMID: 37667847.

Invation: Metastasis

Misbehaving Group: Tumour

Misbehaving Citizen: Cancerous cell

Police: cell maintanance

City Council: Nucleus with the genetic information

Citizens: Cells

The city: Human Body

An analogy...

Terese Winslow LLC 2021

Two main types of cervical cancer: 1) Squamous cell carcinomas: (up to 90%) cells in the ectocervix2)Adenocarcinoma: develop in the glandular cells of the endocervix

https://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical

Ectocervix

Endocervix

Terese Winslow LLC 2021

• The cervix is located in the lower end of the uterus (near the vagina)

• Most cervical cancers are formed between the ecto and exo cervix called the squamocolumnar junction

Cervical Cancer