Medieval history in Spain: Christian Kingdoms
2. Life in the Christian kingdoms
1. Reconquista
3. Architecture
Timeline
RESOURCES
RESOURCES
LIVEWORKSHEETS
VIDEOS COMPILATION
VIDEOS COMPILATION
LIVEWORKSHEETS
TEACHER CODE:dxo79ti9rb
The reconquista
1031. Cordoba Caliphate falls. Taifa kindoms appear
1085. Alfonso VI conquers Toledo
1212. Battle of Navas de Tolosa
1266. Conquest of Murcia
1469. Catholic Kings get married.
1479. Union of Castilla and Aragón.
1492. Catholic Kings conquer Granada.
1. RECONQUISTA
CHRISTIANS STRIKE BACK
Little by little Christians recovered part of the north of the Iberian Peninsula against the Muslims during the Emirate and Caliphate of Córdoba period. But due to many internal conflicts, the Caliphate of Córdoba fell and many Taifa Kindoms appeared in 1031 AD.
Something similar happened in Asturias. Different Christian Kingdoms and Counties started to appear.
THE PENINSULA IS A PUZZLE
Because of these internal conflicts, the Taifas were very weak. In 1085 AD, the king of Castilla and León, Alfonso VI took this opportunity and conquered Toledo.
After this conquer, new Muslims arrived to the Peninsula and these ones, were united. Also during this time, the Cid fought against the Moors.
Altough the Taifas were all in the Muslim side, there were many power struggles. And if you add the Christians in the north... it was a mess.
ALMO-WHO?
Now the Muslims are united and the Chistians separated. In this period there were many Christian Kingdoms in the Peninsula. But some of them joined in the most important battle of that time.
New enemies appear! During the next century, 2 big Muslim empires entered in the Peninsula: Almoravids and Almohads. These empires managed to stop the Christian advance.
BATTLE OF NAVAS DE TOLOSA
The Christians faced an army twice as big. But thanks to the bravery of a charge of their kings, the Christians won the battle and defeated the Almohads.
In 1212 AD an alliance of the Kingdoms of Castilla, Navarra and Aragón (with the help of military orders and Christian volunteers from Portugal, León and France) faced the fearsome Almohads in Navas de Tolosa.
TAIFAS AGAIN?
With the defeat of the Almohads in Navas de Tolosa, the Taifas returned. This was a very brief period because the Christians conquered one after another.
When Murcia was conquered in 1266 AD only the Taifa of Granada remained. This Taifa is also known as Nasrid Kingdom of Granada and it would remain in the peninsula for more than 200 years.
WAITING FOR THE END
But, why did the Nasrid Kingdom lasted so long? Because of 2 reasons mainly. 1. This Taifa was very rich and paid Castilla taxes in order to not be conquered. 2. They had allies in North Africa that could help Granada in case of invasion.
WAITING FOR THE END
So meanwhile, Castilla and Aragón looked for other territories to conquer. Castilla started conquering the Canary Islands and Aragón conquered territories in the Mediterranean Sea.
In 1492 AD, Isabel and Fernando defeated Boabdil, last ruler of Granada, finishing the Reconquista and obtaining the title of Catholic Monarchs. Also in this year, America was discovered and the Middle Ages ended. Modern Age has begun.
CONQUEST OF GRANADA
But all changed in 1469 AD when Isabel I of Castilla and Fernando II of Aragón married. After winning a civil war in 1479 AD, both kingdoms were united and decided to expell at last the Nasrid Kingdom of the peninsula.
LIFE IN THE CHRISTIAN KINGDOMS
2. LIFE IN THE CHRISTIAN KINGDOMS
At first Mudéjares (muslims in Christian territory), Christians and Jews lived together. But at the end of the Middle Ages there was a lot of discrimination. Many cities grew, but most of the people still lived in the countryside. The diet improved, so the population grew. But there were epidemics like the Black Death, and many people died.
LIFE IN THE CHRISTIAN KINGDOMS
SOCIAL CLASSES
A CHRISTIAN CITY
MONARCHY
SOCIAL CLASSES
HIGH CLERGY AND NOBLES
LOWER CLERGY AND KNIGHTS
PEASANTS, SERFS AND SLAVES
SOCIAL CLASSES
LOWER CLERGY AND KNIGHTSThe knight had to fight for the lord and would receive lands in return. The priests, monks and nuns copied and traslated important books in the monasteries and had to obbey their bishop's commands.
PRIVILEGED
MONARCHYThe king or the queen owned all the land and made the laws. They gave land to the nobles and clergy and commanded the army. NOBLES AND HIGH CLERGY They ruled over the lands the king gave them and could collect taxes. In exchange they must be loyal to the king and provide military help if needed.
SOCIAL CLASSES
In exchange of their hard work they received food, shelter and protection from the noble.
NOT PRIVILEGED
PEASANTS AND SERFS The peasants were the free people that worked for the nobles: farmers, artisans, soldiers... and paid a rent for using the lords land. The serfs were almost slaves, very similar to peasants but they could not leave the lord without his permission.
SLAVES They had no freedom and were considered objects by their lords. They were the lowest social class.
A CHRISTIAN CITY
MUDÉJAR
3. ARCHITECTURE
ROMANESQUE
GOTHIC
ROMANESQUE ARQUITECTURE
The romanesque architecture lasted from the 11th century to 12th century. It is based in the Roman and the Pre-Romanesque architecture . The buildings are made mainly of stone and are not as tall as in other later periods. Inside there isn't a lot of light, so they are very dark. There are not many decorations in this style.
ROMANESQUE ARQUITECTURE
CHARACTERISTICS: - Use pillars inside the temple and buttresses outside. - Has semicircular/round arches. Few and small windows. - Use barrel vaults. - Over the crossing they may have a lantern tower. - Has a Latin cross floor plan. - Has bell towers. -Has thick walls and large stones. - Decorated with didactic sculptures and paintings.
GOTHIC ARQUITECTURE
The gothic architecture lasted from the 13th century to 16th century. It came after the Romanesque considering it old-fashioned. The buildings are made mainly of stone and are very tall compared to other styles. The light and colours are very important in this style, so there are very big windows that allows light to enter. There are lots of decorations inside and outside the buildings.
GOTHIC ARQUITECTURE
CHARACTERISTICS: - Walls were thinner and new techniques were used. Flying buttresses appear. - Has pointed arches. - Use ribbed vaults. - Has a Latin cross floor plan. But not very clear. - Has bell towers. - Big stained glass windows and rose windows. - Decorated with realistic paintings and sculptures. Gargoyles appear.
MUDÉJAR ARQUITECTURE
The mudéjar architecture lasted from the 12th century to 16th century. It is a mixture of Christian and Islamic styles . The buildings are made of "poor materials" like bricks, wood and plaster. They use many types of arches. Even horseshoe arches sometimes. They can have a lot of decorations, and churches usually have bell towers.
X MEDIEVAL HISTORY IN SPAIN: CHRISTIAN KINGDOMS
Pablo Gonzalez
Created on November 9, 2023
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Transcript
Medieval history in Spain: Christian Kingdoms
2. Life in the Christian kingdoms
1. Reconquista
3. Architecture
Timeline
RESOURCES
RESOURCES
LIVEWORKSHEETS
VIDEOS COMPILATION
VIDEOS COMPILATION
LIVEWORKSHEETS
TEACHER CODE:dxo79ti9rb
The reconquista
1031. Cordoba Caliphate falls. Taifa kindoms appear
1085. Alfonso VI conquers Toledo
1212. Battle of Navas de Tolosa
1266. Conquest of Murcia
1469. Catholic Kings get married.
1479. Union of Castilla and Aragón.
1492. Catholic Kings conquer Granada.
1. RECONQUISTA
CHRISTIANS STRIKE BACK
Little by little Christians recovered part of the north of the Iberian Peninsula against the Muslims during the Emirate and Caliphate of Córdoba period. But due to many internal conflicts, the Caliphate of Córdoba fell and many Taifa Kindoms appeared in 1031 AD.
Something similar happened in Asturias. Different Christian Kingdoms and Counties started to appear.
THE PENINSULA IS A PUZZLE
Because of these internal conflicts, the Taifas were very weak. In 1085 AD, the king of Castilla and León, Alfonso VI took this opportunity and conquered Toledo.
After this conquer, new Muslims arrived to the Peninsula and these ones, were united. Also during this time, the Cid fought against the Moors.
Altough the Taifas were all in the Muslim side, there were many power struggles. And if you add the Christians in the north... it was a mess.
ALMO-WHO?
Now the Muslims are united and the Chistians separated. In this period there were many Christian Kingdoms in the Peninsula. But some of them joined in the most important battle of that time.
New enemies appear! During the next century, 2 big Muslim empires entered in the Peninsula: Almoravids and Almohads. These empires managed to stop the Christian advance.
BATTLE OF NAVAS DE TOLOSA
The Christians faced an army twice as big. But thanks to the bravery of a charge of their kings, the Christians won the battle and defeated the Almohads.
In 1212 AD an alliance of the Kingdoms of Castilla, Navarra and Aragón (with the help of military orders and Christian volunteers from Portugal, León and France) faced the fearsome Almohads in Navas de Tolosa.
TAIFAS AGAIN?
With the defeat of the Almohads in Navas de Tolosa, the Taifas returned. This was a very brief period because the Christians conquered one after another.
When Murcia was conquered in 1266 AD only the Taifa of Granada remained. This Taifa is also known as Nasrid Kingdom of Granada and it would remain in the peninsula for more than 200 years.
WAITING FOR THE END
But, why did the Nasrid Kingdom lasted so long? Because of 2 reasons mainly. 1. This Taifa was very rich and paid Castilla taxes in order to not be conquered. 2. They had allies in North Africa that could help Granada in case of invasion.
WAITING FOR THE END
So meanwhile, Castilla and Aragón looked for other territories to conquer. Castilla started conquering the Canary Islands and Aragón conquered territories in the Mediterranean Sea.
In 1492 AD, Isabel and Fernando defeated Boabdil, last ruler of Granada, finishing the Reconquista and obtaining the title of Catholic Monarchs. Also in this year, America was discovered and the Middle Ages ended. Modern Age has begun.
CONQUEST OF GRANADA
But all changed in 1469 AD when Isabel I of Castilla and Fernando II of Aragón married. After winning a civil war in 1479 AD, both kingdoms were united and decided to expell at last the Nasrid Kingdom of the peninsula.
LIFE IN THE CHRISTIAN KINGDOMS
2. LIFE IN THE CHRISTIAN KINGDOMS
At first Mudéjares (muslims in Christian territory), Christians and Jews lived together. But at the end of the Middle Ages there was a lot of discrimination. Many cities grew, but most of the people still lived in the countryside. The diet improved, so the population grew. But there were epidemics like the Black Death, and many people died.
LIFE IN THE CHRISTIAN KINGDOMS
SOCIAL CLASSES
A CHRISTIAN CITY
MONARCHY
SOCIAL CLASSES
HIGH CLERGY AND NOBLES
LOWER CLERGY AND KNIGHTS
PEASANTS, SERFS AND SLAVES
SOCIAL CLASSES
LOWER CLERGY AND KNIGHTSThe knight had to fight for the lord and would receive lands in return. The priests, monks and nuns copied and traslated important books in the monasteries and had to obbey their bishop's commands.
PRIVILEGED
MONARCHYThe king or the queen owned all the land and made the laws. They gave land to the nobles and clergy and commanded the army. NOBLES AND HIGH CLERGY They ruled over the lands the king gave them and could collect taxes. In exchange they must be loyal to the king and provide military help if needed.
SOCIAL CLASSES
In exchange of their hard work they received food, shelter and protection from the noble.
NOT PRIVILEGED
PEASANTS AND SERFS The peasants were the free people that worked for the nobles: farmers, artisans, soldiers... and paid a rent for using the lords land. The serfs were almost slaves, very similar to peasants but they could not leave the lord without his permission.
SLAVES They had no freedom and were considered objects by their lords. They were the lowest social class.
A CHRISTIAN CITY
MUDÉJAR
3. ARCHITECTURE
ROMANESQUE
GOTHIC
ROMANESQUE ARQUITECTURE
The romanesque architecture lasted from the 11th century to 12th century. It is based in the Roman and the Pre-Romanesque architecture . The buildings are made mainly of stone and are not as tall as in other later periods. Inside there isn't a lot of light, so they are very dark. There are not many decorations in this style.
ROMANESQUE ARQUITECTURE
CHARACTERISTICS: - Use pillars inside the temple and buttresses outside. - Has semicircular/round arches. Few and small windows. - Use barrel vaults. - Over the crossing they may have a lantern tower. - Has a Latin cross floor plan. - Has bell towers. -Has thick walls and large stones. - Decorated with didactic sculptures and paintings.
GOTHIC ARQUITECTURE
The gothic architecture lasted from the 13th century to 16th century. It came after the Romanesque considering it old-fashioned. The buildings are made mainly of stone and are very tall compared to other styles. The light and colours are very important in this style, so there are very big windows that allows light to enter. There are lots of decorations inside and outside the buildings.
GOTHIC ARQUITECTURE
CHARACTERISTICS: - Walls were thinner and new techniques were used. Flying buttresses appear. - Has pointed arches. - Use ribbed vaults. - Has a Latin cross floor plan. But not very clear. - Has bell towers. - Big stained glass windows and rose windows. - Decorated with realistic paintings and sculptures. Gargoyles appear.
MUDÉJAR ARQUITECTURE
The mudéjar architecture lasted from the 12th century to 16th century. It is a mixture of Christian and Islamic styles . The buildings are made of "poor materials" like bricks, wood and plaster. They use many types of arches. Even horseshoe arches sometimes. They can have a lot of decorations, and churches usually have bell towers.