WOMEN MATHEMATICIANS THROUGHOUT HISTORY

TIMELINE

WOMEN MATHEMATICIANS THROUGHOUT HISTORY

1751

1706

1815

546 BC

1906

Ada Lovelace

Grace Murray Hopper

Theano

Émilie Le Tonnelier de Breteuil

Lucrecia Hersche

1977

1776

1718

415 a.c

1850

Maria Gaetana Agnesi

Hipatía de Alejandría

Sophie Germain

Sofia Kovalévskaya

Maryam Mirzajani

Grace Murray Hopper (1906-1992)

Born: December 9, 1906, New York. Died: January 1, 1992, Arlington County. Biographical data: She was a computer scientist and American military officer with the rank of rear admiral. Difficulties she had: She hasn't had any difficulties. Achievement: She was a pioneer in the world of computer science and the first programmer to use the Mark I. Between the 1950s and 1960s, she developed the first compiler for a programming language as well as providing validation methods.

Ada Lovelace

Birth: December 10, 1815, London. Died: November 27, 1852, Marylebone. Biographical data: She was a British mathematician and writer, best known for her work on Charles Babbage's general-purpose mechanical computer, the so-called analytical engine. Difficulties she had: She was bedridden for a long time because she suffered from many illnesses. Achievements : developed the first algorithm, which marked the path of programming.

THEANO

(s.VI BC-s.V BC) INFO: She was a Python library and optimizing compiler for manipulating and evaluating mathematical expressions, especially matrix-valued ones.

DIFFICULTIES: She had no difficulties

ACHIEVEMENT: Her work on the theorem of the Golden Mean (still in use today) and the corresponding Golden Rectangle.

Maria Gaetana Agnesi

Born: May 16, 1718, Milan. Died: January 9, 1799, Milan. Biographical data: she was an Italian philosopher, mathematician, linguistics, philanthropist, writer and theologian. Difficulties she had: She didn't have any. Achievements: She was the first woman to write a mathematics treatise as a university professor.

Hipatía de Alejandría

Birth: It is not known when she was born, but the place: Alexandria (Egypt). Died: March 415 AD, Alexandria (Egypt). Biographical data: she was a Greek Neoplatonic philosopher and teacher, a native of Egypt, who stood out in the fields of mathematics and astronomy, member and head of the Neoplatonic School of Alexandria at the beginning of the century. Difficulties she had: She was accused of conspiracy against the Christian leader of Alexandria. Achievements: She wrote about geometry, algebra and astronomy. She improved and built astronomical instruments such as the astrolabe or the planisphere.

Émilie Le Tonnelier de Breteuil (1706-1749)

Born: September 17, 1706, Paris. Died: September 10, 1749, Lunéville. Biographical data: She was a French mathematician, physicist and philosopher, translator of Newton into French and disseminator of his theories. Difficulties she had: She could not go to men's schools or university, because in those years women could not study. Achievement: She translated Newton's Principia and disseminated the concepts of differential and integral calculus in her book The Institutions of Physics, a three-volume work published in 1740.

Lucrecia Hersche (1751-1848)

Born: March 16, 1751, Hannover. Died: January 9, 1848, Hannover. Biographical data: She was a German astronomer who also lived in England. She worked with her brother Sir William Herschel in the development of his telescopes and in his observations. Difficulties she had: She was born into a large family of musicians and did not receive formal education, as it was thought that she should only receive the proper education to be a housewife. Achievement: She discovered eight comets, of which six bear her name, among which the periodic comet 35P/Herschel - Rigollet stands out.

Sofia Kovalévskaya

Birth: February 15, 1850, Mosco. Died: February 10, 1891, Sweden. Biographical Data: She was a Russian Romani mathematician and writer who made significant contributions in the fields of analysis, partial differential equations, and mechanics. Difficulties she had: Her father, an artillery lieutenant general who was horrified by wise women, decided to interrupt his daughter's mathematics classes. Even so, Sofia continued to study algebra books on her own and borrowed a copy of Louis Bourdon's Algebra that she read at night when the rest of the family was sleeping. Achievements: She was one of the first women to obtain a doctorate and be appointed professor at a European university.

Lucrecia Hersche

Born: March 16, 1751, Hannover. Died: January 9, 1848, Hannover. Biographical data: She was a German astronomer who also lived in England. He worked with his brother Sir William Herschel in the development of his telescopes and in his observations. Difficulties she had: She did not receive formal education, since it was thought that she should only receive the proper education to be a housewife. Achievement: He discovered eight comets, of which six bear his name, among which the periodic comet 35P/Herschel - Rigollet stands out.

Sophie Germain

(1776-1831) INFO:She was a self-taught French mathematician and physicist. DIFFICULTY: in her formative years she was not able to access formal mathematical education. ACHIEVEMENT:She was one of the pioneers of elasticity theory and made important contributions to number theory.

MARYAM MIRZAJANI

(1977-2017) INFO:She was an Iranian mathematician and professor of mathematics at Stanford University. DIFFICULTY:she had no difficulties ACHIEVEMENT:In 2014 she was awarded the Fields Medal, being the first woman to receive this prize equivalent to the Nobel Prize in mathematics.