THE HIDDEN NEWSPAPER OF XVIII

Newspapers were found buried in someone´s basement, that were from XVII until 1900, here, we will share with you the hidden information

the hidden newspapers of xviii

An interview reveals that possibly, 65% of women don´t want to have children

The decrease in birth rate that doesn´t seem to stop anytime soon.

Yesterday, in 6th of November of 1900, 100 women around the age of 20, who remain anonymous, have been interviewed about whether they would like to have children and nearly 65% of them have said no. United Kingdom, in the XVIII, the crude birth rate was 37 live births per thousand people: 3.7 percent of the population had been born in that year. After around 30 years later, the crude birth rate jumped between 35 and 45 live births (per 100), before plateauing between 35 and 37, until

the 1880s. From 1880 to 1910, today, the birthrate has significantly decreased under 30 births. Studies have said that some of the reasons this is happening is due to, for example, the economic changes and naopolenic war (1803-1815). But, luckily, the mortality rate decreased, and in 1820, life´s expectancy was 41 years and is currently now 47 to 50 years, though not a big difference, we can at least still be alive for our families.

One in every three children died before the age of five in the 1800s.

Steam engine

Water Frame

Sewing Machines

Mechanical Reaper

Between 1712 and 1781, Thomas Savery created the steam engine, and pioneered by Scotsman James Watt. The purpose of an engine is to provide power, as the steam engine provides mechanical power by using the energy of steam. A stean engine is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its workingfluid. The steam engine uses the force produced by steam pressure to push a piston back and forth inside a cylinder. This pushing force is transformed, by connecting rod and flywheel into rotational force of work. The steam engine helped to power the Industrial Revolution (before steam power, most factories and mills were powered by water, wind, horse or man). Steam power allowed for factories to be located anywhere. It also provided reliable power and could be used to power large machines.

(RECENT!) In September 10 in 1846, Elias Howe, Josef Madersperger, Walter Hunt, and Barthélemy Thimonnier. The purpose of the sewing machine is used to sew fabroc and materials together with thread. The sewing machine works by using a different kind of stitch and two seperate threads. One thread fed from aboce and one thread fed from below. This helped people as it allowed women to sew clothes for their families in a way that was quicker and easier. Also, it allowed families to buy clothes cheaply which allowed women to spend their time on other things.

In 1769, Richard Arkwright created and patented the water frame. The purpose of the water frame is to create cotton threads more efficiently and produce strong yarn. A water frame is ran by water and spins a wheel around, causing it to create thousands of threads at once. The water frame helped workers, as it made everyday lives easier because of not having to physically do it with their hands, which allowed for the mass production of cloth, which had a ripple effect on the economy and social structure.

In 1831, Cyrus McCormick created the mechanical reaper. A mechanical reaper is a mechanical, semi-automated device that harvests crop. It is pulled by horses and the machine was loud and cumbersome, but it made a farmer´s job much easier. Mechanical reaper replaced the manual cutting of the crop with scythes and sickles. It helped people and saved their bodies from hard labor and helped them get things done a lot faster. This helped people have time to do other things and get other things done.

Coal could be the solution to the energy problems, facing England, especially in the industrial sector.

Charcoal could be used to light streets and homes, creating a brighter environment.

Coal could increase the productivity and competitiveness of English factories, opening up new possibilities for innovation and development.

Coal produces more heat, is cheaper, more abundant, and easier to transport.

Charcoal provides more consistent and comfortable heat than firewood, which is often moist and produces a lot of smoke.

Charcoal is not dependent on weather conditions or deforestation

Miners find a large deposit of coal

A group of miners find coal in the most unexpected place

animal muscle power, and firewood was the prime source of heat energy. By 1700, coal was the preferred fuel of almost all fuel-consuming industries, and access to coal supplies had already begun to exert a determining influence over industrial location. By the new discovery of a deposit of coal, could it mean that our energy consumption with coal go up? Will it be the main energy consumption?

Yesterday, in 23rd of November of 1723, a group of miners has made an extroardinary find in the most unexpected place: The glasgow coastal area. In the mid-sixteenth century, coal, though it already supplied a tenth of English energy consumption, was substantially less important than human and animal muscle power, and firewood was the prime source of heat energy. By 1700, coal was the preferred fuel all fuel-consuming industries, and access to coal and

The Society for the Prevention of Accidents in Coal Mines was formed in memory of the 92 deaths in the Felling Colliery Disaster

121 people were in the mine when the explosion happened. Iy was not safe to re-enter the mine until more than a month later. The morning of Wednesday of July 8th, being appointed for entering the workings, the distress of the neighbourhood was again renewed at an early hour. A great concourse of people collected to witness the commencement of an undertaking full of sadness and danger. Most came with broken hearts, and streaming eyes, in expectation of seeing a father, a husband, or a son ´´brought up out of the horrible pit.´´. From the 8th of July to the 19th of September, the heart-rending scene of mothers and widows examining the bodies of their sons and husbands, for marks by which to identify them, was almost daily renewed. Their clothes, tobacco-boxes, shoes and the like were the only indexes by which they could be recognised. As the mine was explored, more casualties of the explosion were discovered. In the 15th of July of 1812, 21 bodies laid in ghastly confusion: some like mummies, scorches as dry as if they had been baked. One wanted its head, another an arm. The scene was truly frightful. The power of the fire was visible upon them all. The mine did not re-open until the 19th of Septemver of 1812 - almost four months after the explosion. Unfortunately, the body of number ninety-two has never yet been found. ´´The whole mine is instantly illuminated with the most brilliant lightning - the [explosion] drives before it a roaring whirlwind of flaming air, which tears up every thing in its progress, scorching some of the miners to a cinder, buring others under enormousheaps of ruins shaken from the roof, and, thundering to the shafts, wastes its volcanic fury in a discharge of thick clouds of coal, dustm stones, timber, and not unfrequently limbs of men and horses.´´ John Hodsgon described (the priest of the parish of Jarrow-with-Heworth, where Felling Colliery was located). After the Felling Colliery Disaster, a new society was founded in 1813: the Society for the Prevention of Accidents in Coal Mines. Not much is known about them right now, but it is suspected that they have commitee-meetings first Tuesday of every month, at the Sunderland Library, at twelve; and that the first report comprising a letter to Sir Ralph Milbanke, Bart., on the various modes employed in the ventilation of collieries.

Almost one year after the terrible disaster in Felling and some months after the reopening, a group decided to form a society

dust from the explosion caused a darkness that of early twilight, and covered the roads so thickly that the footsteps of passengers were strongly imprinted in it. As soon as the explosion was heard, the wives and children of the workmen ran to the working-pit. Wildness and terror were pictured in every face. The crowd from all sides soon collected to the numver of several hundreds, some crying out for a husband, others for a parent or a son, and all deeply affected with a mixture of horror, anxiety, and grief.

About half past eleven o´clock on the morning of the 25th May, 1812, the neighbouring villages were alarmed by a tremendous explosion in this colliery. The subterraneous fire broke forth with two heavy discharges from the John Pit. which were, almost instantaneously, followed by one from the William Pit. A slight trembling, as from an earthquake, was felt for half a mile around the workings; and the noise of the explosion, though dull, was heard to three or four miles distance. In the village of Heworth, the

Wales, Trevithick built the first-ever steam locomotive to run along a track. It pulled five cars loaded with ten tons of iron and 70 ironworkers about nine miles, and chugging along at abot five miles per hour. Unfortunately, it was also so heavy that it broke its rails and was retired after the just three trips. Yesterday, in 14 of October of 1801, a similar locomotive, dubbed the ´´Catch-me-who-can´´ - hauled daredevil passengers in a circle around Torrington Square in London. The rails eventually broke there, too.

Trevithick´s new ´´Catch-me-who-can´´ locomotive broke the rails... again!

Richard Trevithick, the creator of the first ever steam locomotive, created another locomotive, that ended in the same demise as the previous one

mine and then at the Ding Dong mine. In his off hours, he worked on an invention of his own: a steam locomotive that would be powerful enough to be pratical. In Christmas Eve 1801, Trevithick´s Puffer (so named because it puffed steam into the atmosphere) was ready at last. The macgine had a oressyre operated piston connected to a cylindrical horizontal boiler and was large enough to seat all the onlookers who were eafer to accompany Trevithick on his test run. (The car chuged steadily uphill, one of those passengers reported, ´´like a little bird... going faster than I could walk.´´) A few days later, however, the amazing puffer was destroyed when it overheated and caught fire. In 1804, at the Penhydarren Ironworks

On December 24 of 1801, british inventor Richard Trevithick took seven of his friends for a test ride on his ´´Puffing Devil´´ or ´´Puffer´´, the first steam-powered passenger vehicle. Unlike the steam engined pioneered by Scotsman James Watt, Trevithick´s used ´´strong steam´´ - that is, steam at a very high pressure (145 pounds per square inch, or psi). Trevithick´s engines were extremely versatile: They could be put to work in mines, on farms, in factories, on ships and in locomotives of all kinds. Trevithick was born in 1771, in a mining Village in Cornwall, England. He was a terrible student - his teachers thought he was a ´´disobedient, slow, obstinate, [and] spoiled boy´´ who would never amount to anythimg, and in fact, he is basically illiterate - but he loved to tinker with tools and machines. In 1790, Trevithick went to work as a steam engine repairman, first at the Wheal Treasury

The Puffing Devil by Richard Trevithick

The first and failed test for an airplane

An engineer decides to create an airplane called ´´Bird Wings´´ and it unfortunately fails

'I´m glad that I am still alive and that I didn´t get seriously hurt, but it still feels terrible that the proyect I´ve been working hard for has been ruined! But it won´t stop me, and I´ll continue creating airplanes until it´s succesful, even if I break a leg.' - The engineer and pilot of Bird Wings

A week ago, in 17th of March of 1876 at 2:34 PM, a young engineer decided to do a flying test with their invented airplane, Bird Wings, that he had been working on for months and studying how to manage his airplane. Unfortunately, upon dashing on air for some minutes, the airplane wings broke and the airplane crashed on a tree, but, fortunately, he only got some minor injuries. But, recently, building on advances by French engineers, German engineer Nikolaus Otto devised a lighter some days ago, more efficient, gas-powered combustion engine, providing an alternative to the previously universal

steam-powered engine, in addition to revolutionizing automobile travel. The public hopes that the innovation will usher in a new era of longer, more controlled aviation.

ABOLITION OF SLAVERY

On the 1st of August, it is expected that slavery will no longer be allowed in all of West India Islands

[INVITATION] The GLORIOUS 1st of AUGUST, 1838, when it confidently expected that the last vestige of SLAVERY will be swept away in all our West India Islands. A Public Thanksgiving Service will be swept away in the ENGLISH WESLEYAN CHAPEL, on WEDNSEDAY evening next AUGUST 1st, 1838, precisely at 7 o´Clock. Address in both languages will be delivered on the auspicious occasion. The attendance of ALL that feel interested in the welfare of 800,000 of their fellow-creatures who will shortly emerge from a state of SLAVERY into that of Freedom, is most earnestly requested. Collection will be made to defray the local expenses of the Carmarthen Anti-Slavery Society, and to aid the General Committee in London. In their important and unwearied labours, to secure to the Negro the possesion of ACTUAL, as well as NOMINAL Freedom - (July 30th, 1838).

Let´s repass the path that brings UK to this important moment. On the 28th of August of 1833, a very important act received its Royal Assent. The Slavery Abolition Law would finally be enacted, after years of campaigning, suffering and injustice. This act was a crucial step in a much wide and ongoing process designed to bring an end to the slave trade. Only a few decades previously, in 1807 another act had been passed which had made it illegal to purchase slaves directly from the African continent. Nevertheless, the practice of slavery remained widespread and legal in the British Caribbean. The fight to end the slave trade was a long drawn out battle which brought to the surface a host of issues ranging from politics and economics to more social and cultural concerns. The decision to bring the practice of slavery to an end was a contentious one. On 13th of March 1787 during a dinner involving several important figures amongts the Clapham Sect community, Wilberforce agreed to bring the issue to parliament. Whilst his cause described the appalling conditions experienced by slaves which were in direct opposition to his Christian beliefs, he did not advocate a total abolition of the trade.

The impact of this new European social consicence and self-awareness also impacted enslaved communities who had always put up resistance but now felt emboldened to claim their rights. Toussaint Louverture leading the revolt in Haiti was not the only example of such a stirring of feelings; revolts in other locations followed including Barbados in 1816, Demerara in 1822 and Jamaica in 1831. The Baptist War as it became known, in Jamaica originated with a peaceful strike led by the Baptist Minister Samuel Sharpe, however it was brutally suppressed which led to loss of life and property. Such was the extent of the violence that the British Parliament was forced to hold two inquiries that would make important inroads in establishing the Slavery Abolition Act a year later. By 26th of July of 1833, slavery was abolished in most British colonies. The law took effect on 1st of August of 1834. By now, this was finally achieved with full legal emancipation granted. Thus, the trajectory of events leading to the abolition of slavery remain a significant chapter in British and global history, with important lessons for humanity as a whole.

At this point, however, the biggest obstacle was not the ins and outs of the motion but parliament itself which continued to stall on the matter. By 1807, with slavery garnering great public attention as well as in the courts, Parliament passed the Slave Trade Act. This was the momentous step, however it still was not the end goal as it simply outlawed the trade of slaves but not slavery itself. Once enacted, the legislation worked through the imposition of fines which sadly did little to deter slave owners and traders who had great financial incentives in ensuring that the practice continued. With lucrative gains to be made, trafficking between Caribbean Islands would persist for several years. By 1811, a new law would help to curb this practice somewhat with the introduction of Slave Trade Felony Act which made slavery a felony. One often overlooked factor in bringing an end to the practice of the slave trade was the role played by those already enslaved. A growing resistance movement was developing amongst the slaves themselves, so much so that the French colony of St Domingue had been seized by the slaves themselves in a dramatic uprising leading to the establishment of Haiti. Europe was experiencing great upheaval: The French Revolution had broughr with it ideas of the equal rights of man and challenged the previously accepted social hierarchies.

Masked workers attacked a factory in Nottingham, England, and the context is finally out

An interview reveals why the attack happened

Yesterday, in 8th of November of 1811, we intervewed a group of young men, who are workers, around the age of 20, about the attack that happened some days ago, this was their answers: ´´Some masked workers attacked textile factory in Nottingham, England. They were unhappy with the mechanization of the textile industry and its effect on the workers. They called themselves the Ludds... or the Luddites, and began a movement called the Luddite Movement. I think their movement was named after General Ned Ludd... it was probably a mythical character.´´

'We are workers and support their movement and we´re glad that it happened, but it was still scary for us!'

´´History repeats itself,´´- one of them said - ´´we wonder if when my daughter grows up, she´ll have to defend her work from the same thing. Maybe they´ll even invent robots that will replace her job!´´

Alexander Graham Bell created the telephone and called from New York to a partner of Chicago

18 years after the mythic telegram of Queen Victoria to James Buchanan, Alexander Graham Bell called Chicago from New York

As the popularity of the telegram grew, Alexander Graham Bell was working on an even more direct form of communication in 1871: the telephone. While trying to perfect this technology, which was backed by a group of investors. By 1875, Bell, with the help of his partner Thomas Watson, had come up with a simple receiver that could turn electricity into sound. On March 7, 1876, Bell was granted his telephone patent. A few days later, specifically the 10th of March, he made the first ever telephone call to Watson:

And actually, Alexander Graham Bell refused to have a telephone in his study, fearing it would distract him from his scientific work. 18 years before this, Queen Victoria telegraphed Jame Buchanan (which was sent 14 years after Saumel Morse sent the first telegram). In 1858, Queen Victoria sent the first transatlanic telegram to President James Buchanan in just 16 hours, and Buchanan´s response arrived in ten, as opposed to the twelve days it would have take via ship and land. It is highly suspected that Queen Victoria is interested in the telephone and that she has already sent a telegraph to Alexander Graham Bell asking for a telephone for herself and for her nine children.

'Mr. Watson, come here. I want you.'